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面向市場——雅與俗的選擇 Responding to the Market - Refined and Popular Tastes 開埠通商后的中國社會(huì)，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化發(fā)生了深刻改變。北京、天津、南京、蘇州、上海、杭州、廣州等城市都活躍著一批職業(yè)書畫家，以公開懸潤的方式售藝。工商職業(yè)人士及書畫家、收藏家群體的印章需求也相應(yīng)擴(kuò)大。 都市追求風(fēng)雅時(shí)尚由來已久。上層名流用印延請(qǐng)名家創(chuàng)作對(duì)社會(huì)風(fēng)氣產(chǎn)生推波助瀾的作用。在日益擴(kuò)大的工商活動(dòng)與現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活中，私人印章在各種契約、票據(jù)等方面使用日益頻繁。 Seeking elegance and fashion is an age-old custom of city life. The social elite and eminent commissioned masters to engrave their personal seals and this had the effect of promoting the social practice. Amid the growing business activities and modern social life, personal seals were used more and more often on deeds, contracts and bills. After opening its ports to foreign countries, China underwent profound social, political, economic and cultural change. In Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Suzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and other cities, a good number of professional calligraphers and painters sold their works on the open market. There was a corresponding growth in demand for seals among industrialists businessmen, calligraphers painters and collectors. a. “李鴻章印”，徐三庚刻 b. “臣盛宣懷章”，吳昌碩刻 c. “杜月笙”，方介堪刻 d. “南?？凳先f木草堂書藏所藏”，黃世陵刻 a. “Seal of Li Hongzhang”( 李鴻章印), engraved by Xu Sangeng b. “Seal of the Courtier Sheng Xuanhuai”(臣盛宣懷章), engraved by Wu Changshuo c. “Du Yuesheng”(杜月笙), engraved by Fang Jiekan d. “Collection of Nanhai’s Kang Family in the Repository of Wanmu Cottage” (南?？凳先f木草堂書藏所藏), engraved by Huang Shiling “楊度”，齊白石刻，壽山石，上海博物館藏 Shoushan stone seal “Yang Du”(楊度), engraved by Qi Baishi. Shanghai Museum 篆刻家作品的藝術(shù)價(jià)值與社會(huì)功能雙重屬性被公眾認(rèn)同，開拓了藝術(shù)商品市場。一部分篆刻家創(chuàng)作狀態(tài)發(fā)生改變，從優(yōu)雅安適的筆、墨、刀、石自娛，走向市民生活，面對(duì)市場的洗禮。而在參與社會(huì)印信的制作中取得經(jīng)濟(jì)收入，既是生存之道，同時(shí)也需要作出風(fēng)格上“雅”與“俗”的選擇。 As more and more people appreciated the dual artistic and social implications of seal engravers’ work, the market for the art opened up. Some seal engravers changed their stance radically; the contented life, pleasing oneself with brush, ink, knife and stone was swapped for the life of an ordinary city resident taking the plunge into the arts market. Getting an income by engaging in the making of officially used seals was a means of survival; at the same time they had to choose between making seals of “refined taste” or of “popular taste.” 1940年代一結(jié)婚證上鈐有七枚私人印記 A 1940s marriage certificate with imprints of seven private seals 1938年徐英之、丁瑞文結(jié)婚紀(jì)念印章 Seal commemorating the marriage of Xu Yingzhi and Ding Ruiwen. 1938 上海是當(dāng)時(shí)遠(yuǎn)東最大的都市，也是當(dāng)時(shí)最大的藝術(shù)品市場。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，從1890年代開始到1949年為止，《申報(bào)》、《游戲報(bào)》以及專業(yè)書畫期刊上登載潤例的在滬鬻藝的篆刻家，先后有195人。 潤例是藝術(shù)家的廣告。中介則是由分布全國各大城市的箋扇莊、書畫商社承擔(dān)。篆刻家刊出的潤例中，大多注明各大箋扇莊代為接、交件。 The fee scales were the artists’ advertisements. Their agents, were the stationery shops in the big cities in different parts of China selling writing paper and materials for fans, calligraphy and paintings. Such shops, which appeared with the rise of calligraphy and painting, prospered as never before. Shanghai was the largest metropolis in the Far East. It was also the largest arts market of the day. According to incomplete figures, between 1890 and 1949, 195 seal engravers in Shanghai had their fees published in the Shen Pao, Games Journal and in specialist calligraphy and painting periodicals. 馬公愚潤例（1936年） Price scales of Ma Gongyu. 1936 責(zé)任編輯：朱小雨、易曄 您的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)與點(diǎn)贊是對(duì)我們工作的最大鼓勵(lì)！ |
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