在情景中學(xué)語法  其他動詞結(jié)構(gòu)（2）

短語動詞： He took off his coat.

王琴

短語動詞：He took off his coat

Reading:

Mr Jones woke up late the following morning as was his custom on a Sunday. After looking at his watch, he lay awake for a few more minutes, enjoying the luxurious feeling of not having to hurry as he usually had to on a week-day. He turned on the radio, listening. Then, at a few minutes past nine he got up lazily, stretched a few times before the mirror, picked up his razor, towel and toothbrush and went to the bathroom. As usual, it was occupied when he got there: he could hear Bob Smith from the rooms below, splashing in the bath and singing in a loud and not displeasing voice. He only had to wait a couple of minutes, and then Bob turned out smiling at him and disappeared down the stairs, whistling cheeringly as he went.

I．什么是短語動詞？

1． 短語動詞常常是兩個詞（一個動詞+一個副詞性小詞）構(gòu)成的動詞wake up, get up, turn out等。

2． 同一個動詞后面可以有不同的副詞性小詞，構(gòu)成不同意義的詞。

He turned onthe radio. Bob turned out smiling.

3．短語動詞用法普遍，尤其在非正式語言中。

我們可以說He awoke late the following morning.但這太正式了，我們通常說：

He woke uplate the following morning

小練習(xí)1：找出下文中的五個短語動詞：

I sat down , had breakfast, washed up and set off for work. When I went out , it was still raining. It went on raining all day.

II．短語動詞的不同類型

Reading：

Here is a page from Mr. Jones diary:

Monday, February 5^th 

The car broke down. I rang up a garage. The mechanic found out why I’d stopped- I’d run out of petrol !

I don’t get on with the people at work, so today I filled in an application form for a new job. I put it down somewhere in the office. Now I can’t find it!

At home I switched on the TV. Cigarette prices are going up. I must give up smoking. And the government’s planning to put up taxes. I’m not looking forward to that. They’ve already put them up twice this year. I’ve just worked out that I’ll soon have no money. I can’t go on like this.

1．有些短語動詞從來不帶賓語：

The car broke down. I can’t go out like this. Prices are going up.

2．多數(shù)短語動詞可以帶賓語，賓語通常在副詞性小詞的前或后：

3．如果賓語較長，則通常放在副詞之后：

I filled in an application form.(不說 I filled an application form in.)

4．如果賓語是代詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)通常如下：

5．有些短語動詞是三個詞構(gòu)成的（動詞+副詞性小詞+介詞），這樣，賓語就只能放在介詞后面。

I don’t get on with the people at work.

I’d run out of petrol. I’m not looking forward to that.

小練習(xí)II：下列句子對嗎？

    1 They’re going to put taxes up.

2 They’re going to put up taxes.

3 They shouldn’t put up them.

    4 I’m not looking it forward to.

答案：

I. 1 sat down 2 washed up   3 set off  4 went out 5 went on

II 1 Right    2 Right       3 Wrong   4 Wrong

小結(jié)：