持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)或拆解出售

Why is it more worthwhile to sell the company as a going concern rather than selling the assets as scrap?

一家已出售了的持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)為一家并不會(huì)在出售后停止?fàn)I業(yè)。根據(jù)馬來(lái)西亞持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移指南，持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移（TOGC）可能涉及整體或部分持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)的轉(zhuǎn)移，且在僅有部分業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移的情況下，該部分業(yè)務(wù)必須能夠獨(dú)立運(yùn)營(yíng)。 馬來(lái)西亞TOGC指南還說(shuō)明任何購(gòu)買(mǎi)或轉(zhuǎn)移公司資產(chǎn)卻不導(dǎo)致買(mǎi)房接手公司業(yè)務(wù)的情況并不歸納入TOGC的定義之中。在法庭判例Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid & Ors v Kuantan Beach Hotel Sdn Bhd & Ors [2012] MLJU 1788中，法官引用了英國(guó)最高法院的判例 (Melon v Hector Powe Ltd [1981] 1 ALL ER) ，其中Lord Fraser說(shuō)：

“業(yè)務(wù)或部分業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移與實(shí)物資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移之間的本質(zhì)區(qū)別在于，在前者的情況下，業(yè)務(wù)以持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)的方式轉(zhuǎn)移，因此該業(yè)務(wù)仍然是同一業(yè)務(wù)，但掌握在不同的手中……而在后者的情況下，資產(chǎn)將轉(zhuǎn)移到新所有權(quán)以用于其選擇的任何業(yè)務(wù)。”

買(mǎi)方通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)TOGC獲得以下好處，但不僅限于這些：

·有形資產(chǎn)； （例如：房屋，商品，設(shè)施）

·無(wú)形資產(chǎn)和（例如：公司品牌，商標(biāo)，專利和客戶忠誠(chéng)度）

·未來(lái)盈利能力

Going concern is a business which is still operating. According to theMalaysia Guide on Transfer of Business as a Going Concern, transfer of business as going concern (TOGC) may involve the transfer of a whole or part of a business as a going concern, and in the case where only part of the business is transferred, that part of the business must be able to operate on its own.  The Malaysia Guide on TOGC also illustrates that a mere sale or transfer of capital assets which does not result in the purchaser taking over the business of the seller does not come within the definition of TOGC. In Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid & Ors v Kuantan Beach Hotel Sdn Bhd & Ors [2012] MLJU 1788, the judge cited a UK Supreme Court case law (Melon v Hector Powe Ltd [1981] 1 ALL ER) in which Lord Fraser stated that

'the essential distinction between the transfer of business or part of a business, and a transfer of the physical assets is that in the former case the business is transferred as a going concern so that the business remains the same business but in different hands… whereas in the latter case, the assets are transferred to the new ownership to be used in whatever business he choose.’

Here are what the buyer can usually obtain through a TOGC, but not limited to these：

·tangible assets; (e.g.: premises, goods, facilities)

·intangible assets and (e.g.: company brand names, trademarks, patents and customer loyalty)

·future profitability

TOGC比單純的資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移能為買(mǎi)方帶來(lái)更多收益。一些情況下，持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)被出售是由于經(jīng)營(yíng)不善或投資策略錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致無(wú)法盈利。因此，公司可在針對(duì)管理層面或者商業(yè)策略上進(jìn)行改革或重整即可挽救甚至與振興公司。由于持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)一直具有完善的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，因此經(jīng)營(yíng)者只需要付出相對(duì)較小的努力即可重建公司業(yè)務(wù)?，F(xiàn)在，我們將著眼交易的各個(gè)部分以及它們?nèi)绾问官I(mǎi)方受益。

A TOGC can benefit the buyers more than transfer of mere assets. Sometimes, going concern is sold because it is not making profit due to improper management or wrongful investment strategy. So, some changes and improvements to the management level or business strategy can save the company and revive it. Since going concern always has well-established organizational structure, the effort to be put in to rebuild it is comparatively small. Now, we will look at each part of the transaction and how they are going to advantageous the buyers.