湯樺建筑設(shè)計新作：深圳蛇口文體公園，多重的地面 – 有方

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編輯：李博超 | 校對：李博超 | 2024.12.27 17:48

設(shè)計單位 深圳湯樺建筑設(shè)計事務(wù)所有限公司

建筑施工圖設(shè)計 奧意建筑工程設(shè)計有限公司

項目地點 廣東深圳

建設(shè)時間 2019—2021年（建筑主體及景觀），2023—2024年（室內(nèi)）

建筑面積 21547平方米

本文文字由湯樺建筑設(shè)計提供。

曾經(jīng)，文體場館是地標(biāo)的象征——獨立，分離，強調(diào)形式感；如今，對此類公共設(shè)施的理解已轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)θ宋牡年P(guān)懷，對場地的感受，對多樣性、趣味性生活的追求。當(dāng)我們面臨深圳市南山區(qū)蛇口街道文體中心這個課題時，我們希望能夠回應(yīng)新時代背景下市民對于文體中心類公共建筑不同與以往的訴求，真正實現(xiàn)城市公共文化綜合體對于公眾的參與性和開放性。我們將場地公共空間，以及建筑室內(nèi)外空間的各種文化功能綜合考慮，形成一個能讓更多人群使用，有場所感和辨識度的公共活動環(huán)境。

There was a period when Sports and Cultural facilities in China were designed with iconic forms and exaggerated structures. This trend has shifted in recent years and more attention was paid towards the living experiences at the site and the connectivity between the building and its urban surroundings. Our proposal of the Shekou Cultural and Sports Park was a response towards this new human-centered era, emphasising public engagement and accessibility, integrating building interior and exterior environments and a diverse range of programs, whilst remains to be identifiable with a sense of place.

場地現(xiàn)場原來是一小片市政公園，是周邊幾個居住區(qū)的公共生活的核心。我們希望保留這種“公園”的狀態(tài)，遂將蛇口文體公園項目的場地以五五對半的用地方式劃分成公園景觀和建筑空間兩個部分。公園景觀以蜿蜒的步道、起伏的草地，以及多個大小不一的有遮蔽的公共廣場構(gòu)成一個個溫柔近人的社區(qū)場景，以允許不同人群在公園中活動時擁有多樣的選擇，也為城市提供了一個為所有人群開放的公共場所。

The found condition of the site was a small-medium scale public park on reclaimed land, surrounded by high-density residential communities. We intended to maintain the “park” condition of the site. In order to achieve that, we divided the site evenly into two parts: a park and the main building. The park contains winding pathways, undulating lawns, and a series of sheltered public squares of various sizes. These elements together construct a gentle, approachable gathering place for the community that allows for a variety of activities for different groups while offering the city a public space open to all.

場地的東側(cè)為建筑主體，整體以現(xiàn)代主義建筑的基本框架呈現(xiàn)了一座符合嶺南氣候的公共建筑。建筑空間設(shè)計以水平“多重地面”為基本概念，強調(diào)以城市及公園地面向建筑內(nèi)部公共空間的延伸，使其在附近林立的高層建筑中成為難得以完全開放姿態(tài)呈現(xiàn)的建筑體。該策略一方面消解了室內(nèi)外空間的限定，營造出多層次立體活動空間；另一方面為場地中提供陰涼、穿堂風(fēng)，回應(yīng)了南方氣候特點，實現(xiàn)全天候的低碳低維護體系。建筑的服務(wù)空間：如電梯、更衣室、洗手間、工具間等功能，被集中放置于垂直的混凝土體量中。而主要的被服務(wù)的功能空間及活動產(chǎn)所，則以通透的姿態(tài)存在于這些被抬起的多重地面之上。

The main building sits on the eastern half of the site. It is designed with a simple modernist architectural framework adapted for the humid climate of southern China. The spatial layout is based on multi-level horizontal ground planes, emphasizing the extension of the city and park into the building interior. The building is unique amongst the neighbouring tower structures and gated communities for being fully open to the public. This design blurred the boundary between building exterior and interior, and also responds towards the climate quality of Southern China, providing shading and cross ventilation for its in-between spaces. While the primary functional spaces are arranged transparently on these elevated ground planes, service spaces such as elevators, changing rooms, restrooms, and utility rooms are concentrated within vertical concrete shafts attached to those horizontal structures.

這些多重地面的標(biāo)高與建筑的功能空間高度需求相匹配，使得建筑能夠在24米之內(nèi)滿足任務(wù)書中提供的所有功能。這個過程使得建筑在地面之上以“高—低—高”的結(jié)構(gòu)呈現(xiàn)三個樓層，分別承載“體—文—體”的功能空間。這些“地面”的開放姿態(tài)，使得當(dāng)功能空間被關(guān)閉的時候，人們也能自由地攀登上建筑的不同位置。而這些寬裕的開放空間也為建筑和公眾提供了更多樣的、多標(biāo)高的活動空間。下沉廣場位于負(fù)一層，為更多的功能空間提供自然的空氣和陽光。

The heights of these multi-level planes are designed to match the functional requirements of the interior spaces, enabling the building to accommodate all the necessary functions within a height of 24 meters (the dividing number where a building is classified as a low-rise or a high-rise). This results in a high-low-high structure across three floors, each corresponding to the functions of "sports-culture-sports." The openness of these "ground planes" allows people to freely access different parts of the building, even when the functional spaces are closed. These spacious open areas also provide diverse, multi-level activity spaces for the building and the public. A sunken plaza on the basement level introduces natural air and light into additional functional areas.

我們精心地調(diào)整建筑的平臺及公共交通臺階的尺度和比例，使人從地面上升的過程感到舒適自然，沒有被迫急速攀升的速度感。而公共區(qū)域由于寬度、高度，以及和上層挑檐的關(guān)系，在保證了最大化的通透性和可達(dá)性的同時，也產(chǎn)生了不同層級的公共性和多樣的場所感。在通過臺階穿梭于不同樓層的類似檐下空間的室外走廊的時候，可以明顯感受到層高差異所帶來的不同空間感受，以及在建筑中不同位置中公共性、開放性和活動速度的差異。

We've carefully adjusted the scale and proportions of the building's platforms and public stairways to ensure a comfortable and natural ascent, avoiding any sense of forced speed. The public areas, thanks to their width, height, and relationship with the overhanging eaves above, maintain maximum transparency and accessibility while generating varying degrees of public interaction and spatial diversity.

建筑材料則以構(gòu)造類型進行分類，墻、天花、地面、窗、柱等元素都以符合各自的材料方式表達(dá)區(qū)分，強調(diào)建筑空間的構(gòu)成邏輯，同時通過1×1米的模數(shù)整合。而這些單元化的處理也使得建筑有了與柔軟的景觀相對應(yīng)的現(xiàn)代性特點，也用設(shè)計本身的邏輯指導(dǎo)了建筑施工的最終呈現(xiàn)?；炷恋牧髻|(zhì)特點與金屬構(gòu)件的工業(yè)構(gòu)件感的對比，也將建筑主體結(jié)構(gòu)和非結(jié)構(gòu)的圍合構(gòu)件區(qū)分開來。該模塊化的體系因為其清晰性，也自然地對施工團隊產(chǎn)生了施工指導(dǎo)作用，保證了施工的基本質(zhì)量和完成效果。

The building materials are categorized according to architectural elements, such as walls, ceilings, floors, windows, and columns, each expressed through corresponding materials, highlighting the basic logic of the architecture. The building elements and materials are organized through a 1x1 meter modular system. This modular treatment not only lends the building a modern aesthetic that complements the softness of the landscape but also ensures that the construction process follows a clear design logic. The contrast between the concrete's fluidity and the metal components' industrial precision differentiates the building's structural and non-structural elements.

我們將大量的通風(fēng)管道被組織在戶外的天花空間中，風(fēng)口位于室內(nèi)的邊界。這樣的系統(tǒng)使得室內(nèi)空間可以獲得更多的凈高，同時也意外地獲得了室外進入室內(nèi)時豁然開朗的體驗，這個感受在較為低矮的二層尤其明顯。

Almost all of the ventilation ducts are organized within the outdoor ceiling space, with vents located at the interior/exterior boundaries. This system maximizes interior ceiling height while creating a refreshing sense of openness when transitioning outdoors to indoors, particularly noticeable on the relatively low second floor.

回到公園景觀中，建筑擁有充分的展示面和公園景觀縱深。盡管設(shè)計中使用的體系是基于現(xiàn)代建造和材料，但建筑主體在公園中的呈現(xiàn)類似傳統(tǒng)的樓閣姿態(tài)，配合公園景觀中移步異景的路徑設(shè)計，蛇口文體公園意外地以非傳統(tǒng)的表達(dá)方式，獲得了一種地域建筑及傳統(tǒng)園林的屬性。

Despite the modern construction techniques and materials used, the building's prominent presence within the park recalls the form of traditional pavilions, thanks to the extensive view and the park's scenic depth. Combined with the design of meandering pathways in the landscape, the Shekou Sports and Cultural Park unexpectedly embodies the qualities of regional architecture and traditional gardens with a non-traditional expression.

建筑的室內(nèi)則面對不同的功能空間屬性而采用了相應(yīng)的設(shè)計方法。泳池空間及其配套更衣室以清爽的海洋色系強調(diào)水的屬性。二層的文化空間，主要采用了更加溫和的木質(zhì)材料，以增加對人體的舒適感和親切感。流動的空間組織與方正的建筑網(wǎng)格產(chǎn)生強烈的對比。而球類空間則使用了高飽和度的活躍顏色，在建筑主體的不同層次的灰色上形成感官強烈的運動場所。

The interior design reflects the attributes of the different functional spaces. The swimming pool area and its accompanying changing rooms feature a refreshing oceanic colour scheme highlighting the water element. The cultural space on the second floor employs warmer wooden materials to enhance comfort and intimacy, and the spiralling bookstore interior creates a strong contrast between the flowing spatial arrangement and the building's rectilinear grid. Meanwhile, the sports areas are characterized by highly saturated, dynamic colours, standing out against the grey tones of the building's main structure, providing a visually striking environment for athletic activities.

文體公園投入使用以來，廣受群眾歡迎。公園成為了容納多種市民生活的場所：舞蹈、散步、親子活動及多種戶外運動。而文體建筑主體的各類場館則以豐富的運營文體項目吸引了許多來自更遠(yuǎn)的訪客，為深圳市民提供了一個開放、友好、現(xiàn)代的優(yōu)質(zhì)活動場所。

The project has become increasingly popular since its opening. The Park portion has become a social container for various outdoor activities such as group dancing, children’s outdoor play, especially for its immediate neighbours such as residents in nearby communities and the school next door. The building is a host for a diverse range of sports and cultural programs that has attracted visitors even from other regions of Shenzhen, as the project provides an open, friendly and modern place for social activities.