The Wind-or-Flag Argument
【菩提樹】
The Bodhi Tree
傳說(shuō)在2000多年前，佛祖釋迦牟尼是在菩提樹下修成正果的。因此佛教也將菩提樹視為“神圣之樹”。光孝寺的這棵菩提樹，不僅是中國(guó)有記載以來(lái)最早移植的菩提樹，并且還有著一段傳奇故事。
Legend has it that more than 2,000 years ago, the Buddha Sakyamuni attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.Therefore, Bodhi tree is regarded as the "sacred tree" in Buddhism. As the earliest documented Bodhi tree transplanted in China, this sacred tree at Gaungxiao Temple has a legendary story to tell.
據(jù)傳，南朝劉宋（420-479）年間，天竺高僧求那跋陀羅泛海到達(dá)廣州，住在王園寺（今光孝寺），他在寺內(nèi)復(fù)創(chuàng)戒壇（授戒之壇），當(dāng)時(shí)說(shuō)了一句預(yù)言：“后當(dāng)有肉身菩薩受戒于此?！?/span>
It is said that during the Liu Song Dynasty, Gu?abhadra, an Indian monk arrived in Guangzhou by sea and lived at Wangyuan Temple (nowadays, Guangxiao Temple), where he rebuilt the platform of ordination. Then, he prophesied that, "later there shall be a Bodhisattva with a Non-Decaying Body to be ordained here. "
幾十年后，在梁天監(jiān)元年（502），天竺又有一個(gè)高僧智藥三藏航海到了廣州。他把從天竺帶來(lái)的一株菩提樹苗種在戒壇前，并立了一塊碑，寫下了預(yù)言：“吾過(guò)后一百六十年，當(dāng)有肉身菩薩來(lái)此樹下，開(kāi)演上乘，度無(wú)量眾，真?zhèn)鞣鹦挠≈ㄍ跻?。?/span>
Decades later, in the first year of Tianjian in the Liang Dynasty (502 A.D.), another eminent Indian monk, Zhiyao Sanzang arrived in Guangzhou.He brought a young Bodhi tree from India to the platform and set up a stele with another prophecy:160 years after my death, right under this tree, a Bodhisattva with a Non-Decaying Body will liberate countless sentient beings by teaching the supreme Dharma. He is the real king of Dharma passing on the authentic seal of Buddha’s mind.
上面兩位高僧法師所預(yù)言的正是六祖惠能大師。唐儀鳳元年（676），禪宗六祖惠能來(lái)到光孝寺。大師到來(lái)之時(shí)，恰逢印宗禪師正在講經(jīng)。
The prophesied one was no other but the Sixth Patriarch Huineng.In the first year of Yifeng in the Tang Dynasty (676 A.D.), Huineng came to Guangxiao Temple.At that time, Yinzong, a Chan master, was giving a lecture on a sutra.
一陣風(fēng)吹來(lái)，把掛在旗桿上的幡吹動(dòng)了。于是兩位僧眾就為此辯論起來(lái)。一個(gè)說(shuō)是“風(fēng)動(dòng)”，一個(gè)說(shuō)是“幡動(dòng)”，爭(zhēng)論不休。這時(shí)，惠能在旁鎮(zhèn)定地說(shuō)了一句：“不是風(fēng)動(dòng)，不是幡動(dòng)，仁者心動(dòng)?！?/span>
When a flag was flapping in the wind, two monks among the audience were arguing over the cause of such a movement.One said the wind is the cause and the other insisted that it’s the flag, with neither convincing the other.Approaching them, Huineng calmly said "what moves is neither the wind nor the flag but your mind".
此言一出，震驚當(dāng)場(chǎng)。印宗知道來(lái)者非凡，即引惠能到上席。后來(lái)，便在菩提樹下為惠能剃度。
This remark shocked everyone present. Immediately, Yinzong realized that this visitor was anything but ordinary and seated him high.Later, he ordained Huineng as a monk under the Bodhi tree.
【瘞發(fā)塔】
The Hair-Burying Pagoda
據(jù)傳，六祖受戒后，住持僧法才把六祖的頭發(fā)埋在地下，后來(lái)在上面建塔，以紀(jì)念惠能在法性寺（今光孝寺）的剃度因緣。瘞（yì）發(fā)塔的這個(gè)“瘞”，是埋藏的意思，此塔又名“六祖發(fā)塔”。
It is said that after the Sixth Patriarch was ordained, the abbot Ven. Facai buried his hair under the ground and later built a pagoda on it to commemorate Huineng's ordination at this Temple.The name of the pagoda is Yifa, which means “to bury the hair”. Another name for the pagoda is "The Sixth Patriarch Hair Pagoda".
筑塔禮佛的風(fēng)俗本源于印度，這座磚塔具有印度建筑特色。不過(guò)，八面七層的塔身又以磚石結(jié)構(gòu)勾畫出亭臺(tái)樓閣，又屬典型的中國(guó)樓閣式塔。可以說(shuō)這座瘞發(fā)塔是中印古代建筑風(fēng)格的合璧之作。
As we know, the custom of building pagoda to worship Buddha is originated from India. Though with certain Indian architectural features, this eight-side and seven-story brick pagoda was built with typical Chinese multi-story tower style.It is a combination of ancient Chinese and Indian architectural styles.
【六祖殿】
The Hall of the Sixth Patriarch
除了瘞發(fā)塔，光孝寺還建有六祖殿紀(jì)念惠能大師。六祖殿位于大雄寶殿的后方，殿內(nèi)供奉的是惠能大師的等身銅像。
Besides the Hair-Burying Pagoda, there is another building dedicated to Huineng at this temple, the Hall of the Sixth Patriarch.This Hall is behind the Mahavira Hall. Inside the Hall of the Sixth Patriarch, a life-size bronze statue of Master Huineng is enshrined.
為了紀(jì)念六祖惠能與光孝寺的殊勝因緣，北宋大中祥符年間（1008—1016），有一位檀越（梵語(yǔ)音譯，“施主”之意）郭重華捐建了這座六祖殿。不過(guò)，200多年后，即南宋咸淳五年（1269），此殿被焚毀，后來(lái)住持僧祖中又募捐重建。
The construction of the hall was sponsored by a Buddhist devotee called Guo Chonghua in the Northern Song Dynasty (1008-1016 A.D.) in order to commemorate the special connection between the Sixth Patriarch Huineng and Guangxiao Temple.However, 200 years later, in the year 1269 A.D. in the Southern Song Dynasty, the hall was burned down. It was then reconstructed by the abbot Zuzhong with raised fund.
六祖惠能開(kāi)創(chuàng)的禪宗頓悟一脈，千年來(lái)度人無(wú)數(shù)。對(duì)漢傳佛教和中國(guó)文化具有巨大的影響。他的弟子集其語(yǔ)錄編成的《六祖大師法寶壇經(jīng)》，更是佛經(jīng)中唯一一部由中國(guó)人撰述而被尊稱為“經(jīng)”的著作。由此可見(jiàn)他在中國(guó)佛教史上的重要地位。
The School of Sudden Enlightenment established by Huineng has liberated countless people for more than one thousand years.It also has a tremendous influence on the Chinese Buddhism and culture.The master’s significant status in the history of Chinese Buddhism can be understood from his disciples’ composition of Dharma Gem Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch, the only Buddhist scripture that is called sutra despite its Chinese authorship.
如果你有機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)到廣州，一定不要錯(cuò)過(guò)這個(gè)六祖在此出家受戒，開(kāi)演頓教法門的禪宗祖庭——光孝寺。在這里尋找祖師們的足跡，品品禪宗的深意。
If you come to Guangzhou, please don’t forget to pay a visit to Guangxiao Temple, the place where the Sixth Patriarch was ordained and the Sudden Enlightenment was taught. Here you can visit the heritages left by the patriarchs and try to feel the profundity of Chan.
