9.1  Key Components of Standardized Work – Work, Walk, & Wait

標準作業(yè)指導書的關鍵組合部分-作業(yè)，移動，等待

An operator’s Standardized Work consists of threecategories: work, walk, and wait.

員工作業(yè)指導書包含三個類型：作業(yè)，移動，等待

1.    Work. Work consists of value-added (VA) work (anyprocess that adds value to the product, what the customer is willing to payfor) and non-value added (NVA) work (any process that does not add value to theproduct, what the customer is not willing to pay for).  To improve the operator’s process, value-addedwork needs to be maximized, while non-value added work is to be minimized.

作業(yè).        作業(yè)包含增值作業(yè)(任何為產品增加價值，客戶愿意付錢的過程)以及非增值作業(yè)(任何不為產品增加價值的過程，客戶不愿因支付的費用). 未來優(yōu)化員工作業(yè)，需要最大化增值作業(yè)同時最小化非增值作業(yè)

2.    Walk.  Most operators willnot be able to carry out all of their operations without some movement.  When an operator has to “Walk”, the distanceand difficulty should be minimized.

移動        大多數(shù)員工需進行移動去完成作業(yè)，當必須要進行移動是，距離和難度應最小化

3.    Wait.  When team member isnot “Working” or not “Walking.”  This isthe gap between the time the operator has available to complete a process andthe cycle time for the process.

等待        當員工不是“正在作業(yè)”和“正在移動”時為等待. 這是實際作業(yè)時間和周期時間的差異

There are two typesof wait time: 等待存在兩種類型

·           Forced Wait – where the operator is held at a process,via palm buttons or foot pedals.  Theoperator is not doing anything active, yet they are “forced” to wait.  They could not walk off and do another shorttask with this time.  Show Forced Wait onbalance charts

強制等待-當操作按鈕和腳踏板時，員工不能做任何事情，他們被“強制等待”. 他們不能走開

 也不能做其他的作業(yè). 將強制等待時間顯示在平衡表上

·           Idle Wait or Wait to Takt Time– wait time isthe resultant time between the cycle of the operator (work + walk) and TaktTime needed.  The operator gets done“early.” This wait time should be increased. By increasing the wait, this allows for a possible rebalance withanother operator.  We could give theoperator more tasks to do during this time without interfering with theprocess.  This time simply shows as thegap between the work content bar and the Takt Time line on balance charts.

空閑等待或等待節(jié)拍時間-等待時間是操作員的作業(yè)（工作+步行）與所需節(jié)拍時間之間的總時

間。操作員“盡早完成”.此等待時間應增加，通過增加等待時間，可以與其他操作員進行重新

平衡.可以平衡員工更多的工作而不會影響作業(yè)流程.將作業(yè)時間和節(jié)拍時間顯示在平衡表上

9.2  The Work Combination Table       作業(yè)組合表

The Work Combination Table combines manual work withmachine processing time to ensure both can be performed within the given TaktTime.  It is used as a tool to determinethe range or work for which an employee is responsible and the work sequence.This table clarifies how much time is spent doing manual work and walking ateach production process. 

作業(yè)組合表將手工作業(yè)時間和設備加工時間結合在一起.以確保兩者都可以在節(jié)拍時間內完成.它用來確定

員工作業(yè)范圍以及作業(yè)順序，工具。該表說明了每個作業(yè)步驟中所花了多少時間來進行組裝，移動

It is used to examine the range of processes that oneworker can take care of within Takt Time. Also, the amount of time during which machines or equipment are operatedautomatically are recorded to help determine what combinations are possible.

它用于說明員工在節(jié)拍時間內可以作業(yè)的的范圍.同樣會記錄機器或設備自動運行的時間以確認組合的可能性