在雅思閱讀中，對于學生而言，是非無題型是可難可易的題型，甚至對于有些高分學生來說，最后覺得比較容易錯的也是這個題型。其實，我覺得主要是由于中國和外國教育方式的不一樣所造成的，中國教育強調(diào)學生運用聯(lián)想從字里行間推出作者的意圖，而外國教育強調(diào)文章字面的直接含義，這就間接地造成中國學生對于雅思閱讀的做題方法不適應，導致學生容易在FALSE和NOT GIVEN之間混淆，進而誤選失分。本文將圍繞3條關于是非無題型的考點判斷技巧進行講述，同時培養(yǎng)學生的直線思維模式，希望能給學生帶來一些益處。

一、謂語和賓語或者狀語

在判斷句子考點時，對于由簡單主謂賓組成的句子，考察的重點一般是動詞和賓語，特別是對于有修飾詞的動詞，一般起到?jīng)Q定作用。(對于主語考察，因為在真題中出現(xiàn)頻率較少，此處暫時忽略這一類別)對于這類題目，學生主要能根據(jù)定位詞找出相對應的句子，然后把題目中所關注的動賓結(jié)構(gòu)和文章中相對應的點進行匹配分析。如果兩點匹配完美，那么答案為TRUE, 如果兩點意義相反，答案即為FALSE, 如沒有對應的點在文章當中，那么答案即為NOT GIVEN。

文章：Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer---lexical as well as social and commercial. (C5T1P1)

題目：The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries. (TRUE)

文章：The indigenous peoples of Tasmania were only able to count one, two, many; those of South Africa counted one, two, two and one, two twos, two twos and one, and so on. (C6T2P3)

題目：Indigenous Tasmanians used only four terms to indicate numbers of objects. (FALSE)

文章：Yet there is a dark side to this picture: despite our progress, half of the world’s population still suffers, with water services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. (C7T1P1)

題目：Modern water systems imitate those of the ancient Greeks and Romans. (NOT GIVEN)

文章：The explosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live. (C6T2P1)

題目：In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer suburbs. (FALSE)

二、做比較

此類題目考察的情況共有2類。最常見的考點為句中兩者比較后的結(jié)果，其中包含三種答案：如果不能在文章中找到相對應的比較，則答案為NOT GIVEN, 當可以在文章中找到相對應的比較，如果比較結(jié)果一致，答案為TRUE, 如果比較結(jié)果相反(包括跟文章中的比較結(jié)果相反或者是兩個對象比較結(jié)果一致)，答案為FALSE。第二類考點為兩者所比較的內(nèi)容，如果文章中對兩個對象做了很多方面的比較，學生需要準確的找到題目和文章中所對應的比較的內(nèi)容，進而得出正確答案。

第一類：

文章：At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today. (C7T1P1)

題目：Water use person is higher in the industrial world than it was in Ancient Rome. (FALSE)

文章：According to a recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), more than 300 species of agricultural pests have developed resistance to a wide range of potent chemicals. Not to be left behind are the disease-spreading pests, about 100species of which have become immune to a variety of insecticides now in use. (C8T4P2)

題目：Disease-spreading pests respond more quickly to pesticides than agricultural pests do. (NOT GIVEN)

第二類：

文章：Large sample international comparisons of pupils’ attainments since the 1960s have established that not only did Japanese pupils at age 13 have better scores of average attainment, but there was also a larger proportion of 'low’ attainers in England, where, incidentally, the variation in attainment scores was much greater. (C8T4P1)

題目：There is a wider range of achievement amongst English pupils studying maths than amongst their Japanese counterparts. (TRUE)

三、從句

從句的考察在雅思閱讀中出現(xiàn)頻率不多，但是很容易讓考生掉入陷阱進而錯選，這也是為什么要專門提出這一塊給考生分析。這一塊主要分析一下因果關系這一類別，通過這一類的分析激發(fā)學生思維，讓學生可以了解這一塊的特別之處，然后可以發(fā)散思維，不局限于此。

在因果關系中，學生經(jīng)常會錯選NOT GIVEN來代替FALSE, 因為在做題分析中，文章常會給出另一個原因來引出所得結(jié)果，所以學生會以為文章沒有給出所謂原因，進而錯選NOT GIVEN。但是其實文章有討論到關于這個結(jié)果的原因，只是給出了一個錯誤的原因，所以答案反而應該是FALSE。

文章：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.

題目：The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine. (FALSE)

總結(jié)，在做題中，考生應主要以題目和文章對應內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，進行匹配和對應，拋棄原來固有的思考方式，運用直線式思維模式，盡量避免在思考當中運用聯(lián)想來做題。通過這樣的方法不斷練習，相信考生可以在經(jīng)驗的累積下，努力改變思考方式進而提前適應外國思維方式，到了國外后能更好地學習和生活。(朗閣海外考試研究中心 金小潔)