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否定詞+比較級

 tonyflora 2019-08-18

否定詞+比較級用法

否定詞+比較級是英語中一個比較有用的表達,它的字面意思是不更”“不比……。如:

He is not richer than before. 他并不比以前富有。
  I decided to go with them, mainly because I had nothing better to do. 我決定同他們一起去,這主要是因為我沒有更好的事情可做。
  Have you got nothing better to do than sit there playing that silly game? 你光坐著玩那個破游戲,就找不到更好的事來做嗎?
  但是在許多情況下,否定詞+比較級不能按字面意思來理解,而是要根據(jù)具體的語境進行靈活處理(尤其是當句子中省略了隱含的than短語時更要注意)。如:
  I have never drunk better beer.
  這句話的字面意思是:我從未喝過更好的啤酒。其實就是說:這是我喝過的最好的啤酒。可視為句子末尾省略了than this,即:
  I have never drunk better beer than this. 我從來沒喝過比這更好的啤酒。
  下面我們根據(jù)其中否定詞的不同類型,為同學們歸納了五種常見結(jié)構(gòu):
  一、 否定詞為not
  這類句子的基本義為沒有更……”“不會更……”“不比……,根據(jù)不同的語境可以譯為……不過”“非常……”“……得不得了”“……”等。如:
  I couldn?蒺t wish for a better husband. 我丈夫已經(jīng)再好不過了。
  The news couldn’t have come at a better time. 這消息來得再及時不過了。
  I was so nervous but she couldn’t have been nicer to me. 我很緊張,但她對我非常好。
  We got fantastic support—we couldn’t have asked for more. 我們得到了極大的支持,可以說是最大的支持了。
  二、 否定詞為never
  這類句子的基本義為從未更……”,根據(jù)不同的語境可以譯為從未如此……”“……”等。如:
  I’ve never found a better job. 這是我找到的最好的工作。
  He had never spent a more worrying day. 他從來沒有度過這樣煩惱的日子。
  Relations between the two countries have never been better. 兩國關(guān)系從來沒有這樣好過。
  I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上這樣倒霉。
  Ruth?蒺s a little charmer—you’ll never meet a more likeable child. 露斯是個迷人的小家伙——你絕不會遇到比她更討人喜歡的孩子。
  三、 否定詞為nothing
  這類句子的基本義為沒有什么更……”,根據(jù)不同的語境有時可以直譯,有時也譯為……”“……不過了等。如:
  A cup of tea There’s nothing I’d like better! 來杯茶嗎?那最好不過了。
  I’d like nothing better than to join you girls. 我最喜歡加入你們女孩子了。
  There’s nothing better than beating someone who’s playing well. 沒有什么比打敗高手更暢快的了。
  She likes nothing better than a nice long walk along the beach. 她最喜歡的莫過于在沙灘上久久地散步。
  四、 否定詞為little
  這類句子的little主要修飾兩個比較級,一個是better,另一個是more。
  1. little better 的意思是不比……(強調(diào)其不好的一面)。如:
  His second suggestion was little =not much better than his first. 他的第二個建議比第一個好不了多少。
  His legs were in little better shape than they had been the year before. 他的雙腿與前一年相比沒有多少好轉(zhuǎn)。
  2. little more 的意思是”“僅僅(強調(diào)其的一面)。如:
  The wait was very brief, little more than an hour. 等待的時間很短,不過個把小時。
  He left school with little more than a basic education. 他只接受了點基礎教育就退學了。
  Aid to the Third World is at present little more than a drop in the ocean. 目前對第三世界的援助不過是杯水車薪。
  除上面提到的兩個搭配外,little偶爾也修飾其他比較級。如:
  The new model is little faster than the old one. 新型號比老型號快不了多少。
  五、 否定詞為no
  這類句子的基本義為沒有…………”,根據(jù)不同的語境有時可以直譯,有時也譯為……”“非常”“……不過了等。如:   No news could be more delightful to me. 這消息最令我高興。
  No job has more influence on the future of the world. 這項工作對世界的未來影響非常大。
  No writer is more adventurous than Mark Twain. 馬克·吐溫是最富有探索精神的作家。
  順便說一句,英語中的“no+比較級+than”是一個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu),除上面各例中no與比較級連用表示最高級的意思外,還有以下用法:
  1. 強調(diào)比較級形容詞的反面。如:
  He’s no richer than a beggar. 他同乞丐一樣窮(即窮如乞丐)。
  She looks no older than her daughter. 她看起來跟她女兒一樣年輕。
  No fewer than five hundred delegates attended the conference. 參加這次會議的代表多達500人。
  If the penalty for a more serious offence is no greater than that for a less serious one, one might as well continue to commit the more serious one. 若重罪不重罰,則犯輕罪者索性犯重罪。
  2. 表示一般意義的否定,通常譯為不更”“不比……。如:
  I’m afraid the weather’s no better than yesterday. 今天的天氣恐怕不比昨天強。
  If you’re no better by tomorrow I’ll call the doctor. 你明天若再不好,我就請大夫。
  This hotel is better than the other one and it’s no more expensive. 這家旅館比那家好,且并不比那家貴。
  In my opinion the new manager is no better than the previous one. 在我看來,這位新經(jīng)理并不比前任強。
  注:該用法中的nonot意思比較接近,有時甚至可以互換(如not later than=no later than)。如:
  Completed entry forms should arrive no [not] later than 31st July. 填寫好的參賽表格須于731日前遞交。
  3. 表示實際上”“簡直就是。如:
  He’s no better than a common thief. 他簡直就是小偷。
  You’re no better than a Hitler. 你簡直就是個希特勒。
  I’m no better than a servant in this house. 我在這個家里與仆人無異。
  People who don’t pay their bus fares are no better than common criminals. 乘車逃票的人無異于作奸犯科。
  4. 用于否定兩者,意為……也不……”“…………都不。如:
  Tom is no more rich than Jack is. 杰克不是有錢人,湯姆也不是。
  I know no more Spanish than I know Greek. 我對西班牙語和希臘語同樣都不懂。
  He is no more an artist than you are a mathematician. 就像你不是數(shù)學家一樣,他也不是藝術(shù)家。
  5. 表示遠非。如:
  We are no closer to the truth. 我們還遠沒有找到真理。
  另外,還有no longer, no sooner...than...等習語。如:
  I’m sorry Mr Smith no longer lives here. 對不起,史密斯先生已不再住在這兒了。
  No sooner had he reached the airport than the plane took off. 他剛到機場,飛機就起飛了。
  【邊學邊練】
  1. —What do you think of the service here
  —Oh, wonderful. We couldn’t have found ______ place.
  A. best B. the best
  C. better D. a better
  2. —How was your recent trip to Sichuan
  —I’ve never had one before.
  A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant
  C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant
  3. —How’s your new babysitter
  —We couldn’t ask for one. All our kids love her so much.
  A. a best B. the best
  C. a better D. the better

4. This bird is really lovely, and I’ve never seen_____ one.
  A. a finer B. a finest
  C. the finer D. the finest
  5. How beautifully the singer sings! I have never heard _______voice.

A. a better B. a best     C. the better D. the best
  6. Sophia has brains. In fact I doubt whether anyone in the class has IQ.
  A. a high B. a higher
  C. the higher D. the highest
  7. It’s the nicest present I’ve ever had — I couldn’t ask for_____one.
  A. a better B. a best
  C. the better D. the best
  8. Walking exercise may be boring at times but early on a clear sunny morning there can be nothing_______ .
  A. finer B. finest C. the finer D. the finest
  9. Steven ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _____this year.
  A. the best B. better C. the most D. more
  10. Mr Chambers is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a____ boss.
  A. better B. good C. best D. still better
  【參考答案】
  1—5 DBCAA 6—10 BAABA

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