詩歌表達(dá)作者內(nèi)心的志向。“志”指詩歌作品中所表達(dá)的作者的內(nèi)心志向、思想，兼及情感因素?！霸娧灾尽弊钕纫娪谌寮医?jīng)典《尚書·堯典》，是中國詩論的“開山綱領(lǐng)”（朱自清語），經(jīng)過歷代詩論家的演繹，其蘊(yùn)涵不斷得以豐富，并由此確立了中國文論關(guān)于文學(xué)特征的基本觀念。

A poem expresses aspirations in one's heart. Zhi (志) here means the author's aspirations, emotions, and thoughts. The concept of 'poetry expressing aspirations,' first seen in the Confucian classic 'The Book of History,' was hailed by Zhu Ziqing as the 'manifesto' of Chinese poetry. Enriched by poetry critics through the generations, it was later established as a basic concept in Chinese literary criticism.

引例 Citations：

◎詩言志，歌永言。（《尚書·堯典》）

詩是表達(dá)內(nèi)心志向的，歌是用語言來吟唱的。

Poems express aspirations deep in one's heart, whereas songs are verses for chanting. (The Book of History)

◎詩者，志之所之也，在心為志，發(fā)言為詩。（《毛詩序》）

詩是內(nèi)心志向所生成的，在心中為志，形成言語就是詩。

Poems come from aspirations. An aspiration in heart is an aspiration; an aspiration in words is a poem. (Preface to The Book of Songs)

（推薦：教育部 國家語委 供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社）