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【雙語文獻(xiàn)】揭秘《阿蘭胡埃斯協(xié)奏曲》的背后真相

 金蘋果6 2019-06-25

【按】2016年10月25-29日上海樂器展期間,上海音樂學(xué)院將舉辦首屆上音吉他藝術(shù)節(jié)。該藝術(shù)節(jié)藝節(jié)特邀國際大師:羅孚山、莊村清志以及我國青年才俊:劉憲績、吳優(yōu)、吳虞等聯(lián)合奉獻(xiàn)多場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)、論壇和大師班。最為耀眼的亮點(diǎn)應(yīng)屬10月28日,莊村清志、劉憲績、羅孚山和吳優(yōu)將攜手上海大地交響樂團(tuán)在國內(nèi)首次舉辦古典吉他協(xié)奏曲專場(chǎng),開創(chuàng)國內(nèi)古典吉他協(xié)奏曲的先河。其中莊村清志大師就會(huì)演奏這首不朽的《阿蘭胡埃斯協(xié)奏曲》。特翻譯本篇文獻(xiàn),表達(dá)對(duì)上音藝術(shù)節(jié)協(xié)奏曲專場(chǎng)的期待之情。

譯者 韓洪濤

神秘而令人向往的阿蘭胡埃斯

The Truth About Rodrigo’s ‘Concierto de Aranjuez’

羅德里格《阿蘭胡埃斯協(xié)奏曲》的創(chuàng)作真相

SEPARATING MYTH FROM FACT探尋事實(shí),撥開迷霧

by Graham Wade

作者 格拉漢姆·韋德

翻譯 韓洪濤

本文作者和作曲家華金·羅德里格

JoaquínRodrigo’s Concierto deAranjuezis one of the miraculous compositions of the 20th century. My library of recordings contains over a hundred versions, yet the work retains its freshness and spontaneity however many times I hear it.

華金·羅德里格的《阿蘭胡埃斯協(xié)奏曲》是20世紀(jì)神奇的作品之一。我收藏唱片中,有一百多種這首協(xié)奏曲的版本,可是無論我聽過多少次這首曲子,每次都會(huì)有新鮮感和抑制不住沖動(dòng)。

One of my most treasured possessions is a copy of the miniature score signed with a sweet inion by the composer and dated April 6, 1993. Some guitarists have ventured to criticize Rodrigo’s scoring, though it would be difficult for them to tell what they would put in its place. Such criticism is like finding fault with the perfect action of a Swiss clock that has been keeping accurate time for half a century, or seeing imperfections in a painting by the French painterJean-Antoine Watteau.

最讓我視為珍寶的收藏之一便是一份該曲譜的縮印版,上面有作曲家親切的簽名字樣,日期是1993年4月6日。一些吉他家大膽的批評(píng)羅德里格的譜曲中瑕疵,雖然他們很難搞清如果他們作曲的話,他們?cè)谀切┑胤綍?huì)寫些什么。這些批評(píng)就好像是對(duì)已經(jīng)保持50年精準(zhǔn)運(yùn)行的瑞士手表挑三揀四,亦或像從法國畫家讓·安東尼·華多的畫作中窺探瑕疵。

【語言注釋】1. 第二段中的sweet inion的sweet一詞,在此處不能理解為“甜蜜的”,而是“親切的”之意。2. score一詞是多義詞,可以表示“得分”。但在音樂中主要有兩個(gè)意思:一是名詞,“曲譜”;二是動(dòng)詞,“作曲、譜曲”。

【視頻:耶佩斯大師演奏的《阿蘭胡埃斯》,本次藝術(shù)節(jié)莊村清志先生便是他的學(xué)生】

Of course,various mythologies have spun themselves around the creation of the Aranjuez—charming but highly questionable. One familiar fable, for example, is that Rodrigo and his wife Victoria de Kamhi spent their honeymoon in Aranjuez, Spain, and that was a large inspiration for the piece.

當(dāng)然,關(guān)于《阿蘭胡埃斯》創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生本身就有各種各樣的神秘之處 – 它既魅力誘人,但同時(shí)又疑問重重。例如,一個(gè)為人所熟知的傳聞是:羅德里格和他的妻子維多利亞·de·卡米在西班牙的阿蘭胡埃斯度蜜月時(shí),給了他創(chuàng)作這部作品的主要靈感。

What happened was that the couple married on January 19, 1933, and the next day traveled to Madrid to set up their first home. Victoria’s diary gives the facts:

當(dāng)時(shí)的情況是:這對(duì)伉儷于1933年1月19日成婚,次日便動(dòng)身去了馬德里建立他們第一個(gè)家。維多利亞的日記透露了具體的細(xì)節(jié):

After the wedding banquet, Joaquín and I went for along walk along the beach . . .The following morning we set out for Madrid byautomobile . . .The first months in Madrid passed tranquilly. We had rented afurnished apartment on Castelló Street . . . . On sunny days we made excursionsto Aranjuez, Alcalá de Henares—how sick I was after eating tripe there—to ElEscorial and to Toledo.

婚宴之后,我和華金沿著海灘漫步了很長時(shí)間… 次日早上,我們啟程乘汽車前往馬德里…在馬德里的頭幾個(gè)月度過的非常寧靜。我們?cè)诳ㄋ固亓_大街上租了一套帶有家具的公寓… 天氣晴好的時(shí)候,我們會(huì)外出遠(yuǎn)行去阿蘭胡埃斯和阿爾卡拉·德·埃納雷斯游玩– 在那里我吃了牛肚之后非常不舒服。我們也去了艾斯克里亞爾和托萊多。

Such“excursions” were not languid stays in hotels, for the couple was without moneyor employment. These were day-trips by train (hardly what could be called a“honeymoon”). Aranjuez, it should also be remembered, is often a miserableplace in winter, with cold winds and desolate spaces.

這樣的“外出遠(yuǎn)行”并不是慵懶地呆在賓館里,應(yīng)為這對(duì)小夫妻當(dāng)時(shí)并沒有什么前,也沒有工作。這些外出都是乘火車的一日游(幾乎不能稱其為“蜜月”之旅)。我們都應(yīng)該清楚,阿蘭胡埃斯在冬季通常是個(gè)令人難以忍受的地方,寒風(fēng)刺骨、荒無人煙。

【語言注釋】1. 第三自然段中的spun一詞是spin的過去分詞,本意指“旋轉(zhuǎn)”,在本文中指某事“糾纏不斷”的意思。2. 注意后面的around一詞不要單純地理解為“圍繞”,在此處相當(dāng)于about和around的結(jié)合含義。3. large inspiration中的large一詞,不要翻譯成“大的”,而根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣翻譯成“主要的”。

20世紀(jì)偉大的盲人作曲家華金·羅德里格

But when Rodrigo completed his new composition in 1939, he was in need of a title. He may have considered a resonant name from among the places the couple had visited five years previously. After Victoria’s experience of eating tripe, the concierto could hardly be named Conciertode Alcalá de Henares. Moreover, Concierto Escorialwould celebrate a historical monument, but the place is formidably grim, different from the musical atmosphere evoked.Concierto de Toledoat that time would be too clearly political, following a famous siege there during the Spanish Civil War.

但當(dāng)羅德里格1939年完成了他的新作時(shí),他需要為之起一個(gè)題目。他有可能考慮過從他們五年前曾經(jīng)去過的去過的地方中挑選出一個(gè)響亮的名字。維多利亞在阿蘭胡埃斯曾經(jīng)有過吃牛肚的不愉快的經(jīng)歷,因此這部協(xié)奏曲的名字不太可能叫《阿爾卡拉·德·埃納雷斯協(xié)奏曲》。另外,要是叫《艾斯克里亞爾協(xié)奏曲》的話,是在贊頌有紀(jì)念意義的歷史遺跡,但是那個(gè)地方卻陰森可怖,與作品所產(chǎn)生的音樂氛圍大相徑庭。如果叫《托萊多協(xié)奏曲》的話,在當(dāng)時(shí)太具有政治敏感性,會(huì)使人想起隨后在二戰(zhàn)期間著名的圍攻之戰(zhàn)。

These days, Conciertode Aranjuezsits harmoniously on the Spanish tongue (though not easy for foreigners to pronounce!). Since the naming of the concerto and its extraordinary fame, a kind of cult has arisen round Aranjuez. The town is now presumed (especially by those who have not been there) to be the most enticing paradise in Spain. Yet an English writer, John Lomas, writing in 1902, commented that if the Spanish court were absent, Aranjuez was an “otherwise dull and monotonous place.”

現(xiàn)如今,《阿蘭胡埃斯協(xié)奏曲》在西班牙語中發(fā)音十分和諧動(dòng)聽(雖然外國人發(fā)好這個(gè)名字的發(fā)音十分不易!)。由于協(xié)奏曲以該地命名,加之作品非凡的美譽(yù)度,人們對(duì)阿蘭胡埃斯便形成了一種狂熱的崇拜之情?,F(xiàn)在人們都認(rèn)定這個(gè)城市是西班牙最為誘人的天堂(尤其對(duì)那些從來沒有去過這個(gè)地方的人來說)。然而,1902年的時(shí)候,一位英國作家約翰·洛馬斯曾經(jīng)如此評(píng)價(jià):如果西班牙的宮廷不在該地的話,阿蘭胡埃斯就便是一個(gè)“乏味而單調(diào)的地方”。

In summer,the Aranjuez gardens are beautiful, indeed. But such is the lure of Rodrigo’smusic that nowadays one cannot walk through its leafy avenues without thinkingof the Aranjuez. Thecomposer has mesmerized the world with his wonderful inspiration, and madeAranjuez his very own.

夏季時(shí),阿蘭胡埃斯的花園確實(shí)很美麗。但羅德里格的音樂如此的誘人,以至于如今當(dāng)人們即使漫步在落葉飄零的大道時(shí),沒有人不會(huì)想起《阿蘭胡埃斯》。作曲家用他精彩無比的音樂靈感迷惑了整個(gè)世界對(duì)阿蘭胡埃斯的想象,形成了作曲家自己打造的阿蘭胡埃斯。

Another pervasive myth is that the slow movement was a cry of pain written concerning Victoria’s miscarriage in the spring of 1939. Many tears have been shed ’round this myth and much passion expended. But the story contradicts information in a letter Rodrigo wrote in 1943.

另外一個(gè)流傳甚廣的傳聞是:協(xié)奏曲中的慢板樂章是一種痛苦的哭泣,描述了1939年春天維多利亞的那次流產(chǎn)的經(jīng)歷。這個(gè)傳聞博取了許多人的眼淚,耗費(fèi)了無數(shù)人的熱情。但是這個(gè)故事卻與羅德里格在1943年寫的一封書信中的信息相互矛盾、截然不同。

The writing of the Aranjuezwas sparked by a dinner in Santanderin September 1938, a pleasant evening shared by Rodrigo, guitarist Regino Saínzde la Maza, and the Marqués de Bolarqué. During this occasion, it was suggested Rodrigo should compose a guitar concerto, to which he agreed.

《阿蘭胡埃斯》的創(chuàng)作靈感的觸發(fā)緣于1938年9月在桑坦德的一次晚宴,羅德里格、吉他演奏家雷吉諾·塞恩斯和博拉爾克侯爵一起度過了一個(gè)愉快的夜晚。在此期間,有人提議羅德里格應(yīng)該創(chuàng)作一部吉他協(xié)奏曲,他隨即同意了。

On October11, 1943, Rodrigo wrote:

1943年10月11日,羅德里格在信中寫到:

I remember also (I don’t know why, but everything relating to the Concierto de Aranjuez remains in my memory), that one morning,two months afterwards, I found myself in my little study in the rue SaintJacques, in the heart of the Latin quarter [in Paris],thinking vaguely about the concert. . . I heard the complete theme of the adagio singing inside my head, all at once without any hesitation, and almost identical to that which you will hear.And then immediately, with hardly any transition, came the theme of the thirdmovement, exactly the same as appears in the work . . .

我還記得(我不知道為什么,但一切和《阿蘭胡埃斯協(xié)奏曲》有關(guān)的東西依然都存在于我的記憶中):在那次晚宴兩個(gè)月后的一天早上,我自己呆在位于(巴黎)拉丁區(qū)中心的圣雅克路的小書房里,迷迷糊糊地思考者協(xié)奏曲…我仿佛聽見慢板的完整主題在我腦海歌唱,猛然間就出現(xiàn)了而且一氣呵成,幾乎就和你之后聽到的音樂一模一樣。接著,幾乎沒有任何的過渡,第三樂章的主題便立即出現(xiàn)了,就和作品中的音樂完全相同。

If the adagio and the final allegro transported me asif by inspiration. . . . I came upon the first movement by way of reflection,calculation, and willpower. This was the last of the three to be written, so Iended the work where it actually began. For that I had no more awareness thanthat I was just writing a movement, the first.

如果說慢板和最后的快板樂章似乎是靈感突發(fā)隨即而得的話… 我是通過深思熟慮、不懈努力的方式而得到的第一樂章。這一部分是三個(gè)樂章中最后一個(gè)完成的,所以我是從作品的開始部分結(jié)束這部作品的創(chuàng)作的。這部分的創(chuàng)作中,我非常清楚地意識(shí)到自己只不過需要完成一個(gè)樂章,即第一樂章。

Two monthsafter the Santander dinner would be November 1938, not the following May (whenVictoria suffered the miscarriage). If Rodrigo could retain in his memory everything relating to the Aranjuez,it would seem strange that the loss of a child was not mentioned.

桑坦德晚宴之后的兩個(gè)月應(yīng)該就是1938年的11月,而不是次年的五月份(此時(shí)維多利亞正經(jīng)歷著流產(chǎn)的痛苦)。假如羅德里格有關(guān)《阿蘭胡埃斯》的所有記憶都保存在腦海中的話,他從未提起過曾經(jīng)失去過一個(gè)孩子似乎就有些不合常理了。

That Rodrigo himself may have helped to perpetrate myths about his own masterwork is not surprising. He was the supreme poet of 20th-century Spanish music, the maker of songs and legends. Rodrigo was not a man who would let crude facts interfere with a good fable. Whatever the accretions of mythology, the music itself bears testimony to his genius.

羅德里格本人有可能造就了關(guān)于他自己的這部杰作的神秘傳聞,這一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。他是20世紀(jì)西班牙音樂的出色的詩人,也是歌曲和傳奇的創(chuàng)造者。羅德里格并不愿意讓真實(shí)的事實(shí)去破壞美好的傳聞。無論神秘傳聞怎樣層出不窮,作品本身已經(jīng)充分地證明了他的無與倫比的天才。

TheConcierto de Aranjuezremains the immortal final statement of the great traditions of Spanish romanticism.

《阿蘭胡埃斯協(xié)奏曲》將永遠(yuǎn)是西班牙浪漫主義偉大傳統(tǒng)的最終而不朽的證明。

【語言注釋】1.倒數(shù)第2段一開始的That是個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞,不能理解為“那個(gè)”之意,它引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,而且不能省略(賓語從句的that經(jīng)常省略)。2. crude在此處之事實(shí)最本來的面目和狀態(tài)。3. statement可以指“聲明,宣言”,在此處靈活地處理成“證明”。

【音樂紀(jì)錄片:紀(jì)念羅德里格- 阿蘭胡埃斯】

主辦:上海音樂學(xué)院

藝術(shù)總監(jiān):廖昌永

總策劃:葉登民

承辦: 上音現(xiàn)代器樂與打擊樂系

協(xié)辦: 華天吉韻古典吉他教育促進(jìn)會(huì)

時(shí)間: 2016年10月25日至28日

地點(diǎn): 上海音樂學(xué)院

《華天吉韻古典吉他資訊》微信平臺(tái)專注于古典吉他學(xué)術(shù)文章的專業(yè)翻譯和國際學(xué)術(shù)交流、演出信息的分享。歡迎大家掃描以下微信平臺(tái)二維碼 ,關(guān)注全國首個(gè)以國外吉他學(xué)術(shù)資料翻譯為主要定位的古典吉他資訊平臺(tái)。微信號(hào):huatianjiyun

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