港口國(guó)監(jiān)督是守護(hù)水上安全的最后一道防線，在保護(hù)人命、財(cái)產(chǎn)安全和海洋環(huán)境等方面起到了積極的作用，同時(shí)也是打擊低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)船舶的有力措施。

近日，寧波海事局對(duì) 2018年的港口國(guó)監(jiān)督檢查缺陷情況作了梳理（《2018年港口國(guó)監(jiān)督檢查典型案例》），案例中涉及航行設(shè)備、救生設(shè)備、消防安全等重要方面。

每艘救生艇筏的存放應(yīng)在安全和可行的情況下，盡可能靠近水面，而且對(duì)除需拋出船外降落的救生筏的救生艇筏，應(yīng)處于這樣的位置，即：在登乘位置上的救生艇筏，當(dāng)滿載船舶不利縱傾至10°情況下向任何一舷橫傾達(dá)20°或橫傾到船舶露天甲板的邊緣入水中的角度（以兩者中較小角度者為準(zhǔn)）時(shí)，應(yīng)離水線不少于2M;

As near the water surface as is safe and practicable and, in the case of a survival craft other than a liferaft intended for throw over board launching, in such a position that the survival craft in the embarkation position is not less than 2 m above the waterline with the ship in the fully loaded condition under unfavorable conditions of trim of up to 10°and listed up to 20°either way, or to the angle at which the ship’s weather deck edge becomes submerged, whichever is less.

吊筏架降落的救生筏應(yīng)存放在吊筏鉤可到達(dá)的范圍內(nèi)，除非設(shè)有某些轉(zhuǎn)移設(shè)施，有在本條之1.2所規(guī)定的縱傾和橫傾范圍內(nèi)或因船舶擺動(dòng)或動(dòng)力故障而不致造成無(wú)法操作。

Davit-launched liferafts shall be stowed within reach of the lifting hooks, unless some means of transfer is provided which is not rendered inoperable within the limits of trim and list prescribed in paragraph 1.2 or by ship motion or power failure.

機(jī)器處所與應(yīng)急消防泵及其動(dòng)力源所在處所之間，不允許有直接通道。如果此種布置不可行，主管機(jī)關(guān)可以接受這樣一種布置，即通道有一個(gè)氣鎖設(shè)施，其內(nèi)機(jī)器處所的門達(dá)到“A–60”級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，另一門至少為鋼質(zhì)，2個(gè)門均適度氣密、自閉且不設(shè)門背鉤。作為替代，可利用能從遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)器處所和應(yīng)急消防泵所在處所的位置操作并在這些處所失火時(shí)不會(huì)被阻斷的水密門作為通道。在此種情況下，應(yīng)急消防泵及其動(dòng)力源所在處所應(yīng)設(shè)有第2個(gè)通道。

No direct access shall be permitted between the machinery space and the space containing the emergency fire pump and its source of power. When this is impracticable, the administration may accept an arrangement where the access is by means of an airlock with the door of the machinery space being of a-60 class standard, and the other door being at least steel, both reasonably gastight, self-closing and without any hold back arrangements. Alternatively, the access may be through a watertight door capable of being operated from a space remote from the machinery space and the space containing the emergency fire pump and unlikely to be cut off in the event of fire in those spaces. In such cases, a second means of access to the space containing the emergency fire pump and its source of power shall be provided.

2.1.4配備海圖和航海出版物以計(jì)劃和顯示船舶預(yù)定航程的航線，并且全程標(biāo)繪和監(jiān)測(cè)整個(gè)航程的船位。電子海圖顯示和信息系統(tǒng)（ECDIS）也可作為滿足本款海圖配備要求的設(shè)備。已經(jīng)適用ECDIS的船舶須符合該款詳述的關(guān)于電子海圖顯示和信息系統(tǒng)的配備要求。

2.1.4 Nautical charts and nautical publications to plan and display the ship's route for the intended voyage and to plot and monitor positions throughout the voyage. An electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) is also accepted as meeting the chart carriage requirements of this subparagraph. Ships to which paragraph 2.10 applies shall comply with the carriage requirements for ECDIS detailed therein;

2.1.5如果上述第.4項(xiàng)中的功能全部或部分由電子手段滿足，還須配有符合第.4項(xiàng)的功能要求的備用設(shè)備。（公約腳注：參見《關(guān)于電子海圖顯示與信息系統(tǒng)（ECDIS）性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的建議案》附錄6“后備要求”（經(jīng)修正的A.817（19）決議）。合適的對(duì)開紙質(zhì)航海圖可作為ECDIS的后備裝備。可接受ECDIS其他后備裝置。）

2.1.5 Back-up arrangements to meet the functional requirements of subparagraph.4, if this function is partly or fully fulfilled by electronic means;An appropriate folio of paper nautical charts may be used as a back-up arrangement for ECDIS. Other back-up arrangements for ECDIS are acceptable (see appendix 6 to resolution a.817(19), as amended).

海圖和航海出版物，如航路指南、燈塔表、航海通告、潮汐表，以及預(yù)定航程所需的所有其他航海出版物均應(yīng)充足并保持更新。

Nautical charts and nautical publications, such as sailing directions, lists of lights, notices to mariners, tide tables and all other nautical publications necessary for the intended voyage, shall be adequate and up to date.