1. 專業(yè)名詞不把握，何以自稱專業(yè)

一串長(zhǎng)字符英文專業(yè)名詞，常常讓人唏噓到忍不住發(fā)朋友圈，吐（xuan）槽（yao）自己學(xué)的專業(yè)好（gao）難（da）?。╯hang）。朋友圈發(fā)是發(fā)了，最后還是要回來(lái)自己跪在專業(yè)名詞前面求放過(guò)的。

我不止一次被人家問(wèn)到：“??！cancer和tumor到底有啥不同?。俊?/strong>

當(dāng)時(shí)我是這么一本正經(jīng)回答的，“cancer是癌癥，tumor是腫瘤?！?/strong>

沒(méi)錯(cuò)，他還會(huì)再問(wèn)，“癌癥和腫瘤不都是絕癥嘛！干嘛不統(tǒng)一呢?！?/strong>

我，“癌癥是惡性的，腫瘤分有良性和惡性啊。”

內(nèi)心活動(dòng)（春卷）<- c('我也不知道啊', '再問(wèn)就穿幫了','淚流滿面.jpg')

再說(shuō)一遍，腫瘤和癌癥并不是完全相等的！

再后來(lái)，上了研究生，自詡學(xué)到了一點(diǎn)東西，爬上了愚昧之山。開(kāi)始給人家介紹上皮來(lái)源叫做癌，間質(zhì)來(lái)源叫做瘤，還傳給了師弟師妹，今日方知誤人子弟，少不得回去還要給師弟師妹再糾正一番，說(shuō)師姐錯(cuò)了（流淚.jpg+1）。

以上是平時(shí)溝通謹(jǐn)慎所需，但對(duì)專業(yè)名詞的準(zhǔn)確把握，是精準(zhǔn)課題范圍和立意的根本。不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，不成學(xué)。

2. 專業(yè)的問(wèn)題，當(dāng)然要用專業(yè)的工具

二話不說(shuō)，自然是來(lái)一個(gè)專業(yè)的網(wǎng)站了，NCI是NIH旗下的組織，提供專業(yè)的醫(yī)學(xué)詞典。你問(wèn)我為啥不查查中文就算了，看英文多累啊，唉，其實(shí)中文資源真的太少了。

National Cancer Institute ,NCI

詞典簡(jiǎn)介如下：

NCI Dictionaries

NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

A dictionary of cancer and biomedical terms defined in non-technical language. Terms and definitions are reviewed by a multidisciplinary panel of reviewers and new terms are added each month.

NCI Dictionary of Genetics Terms

A dictionary of more than 150 genetics-related terms written for healthcare professionals. This resource was developed to support the comprehensive, evidence-based, peer-reviewed PDQ cancer genetics information summaries.

NCI Drug Dictionary

The NCI Drug Dictionary contains technical definitions and synonyms for drugs/agents used to treat patients with cancer or conditions related to cancer. Each drug entry includes links to check for clinical trials listed in NCI's List of Cancer Clinical Trials.

3. 查詢結(jié)果奉上

（1）tumor=neoplasm，包含良性和惡性（屬于cancer）

（2）cancer是集大成者

簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，cancer有以下幾個(gè)分類：

A.  Carcinoma （癌）： 來(lái)自于皮膚或者器官

B. Sarcoma （肉瘤）：來(lái)源于骨、軟骨、脂肪、肌肉、血管、結(jié)締組織或者支撐性組織。

C. Leukemia （血癌）：血液系統(tǒng)相關(guān)癌癥

D. Lymphoma and multiple myeloma （淋巴瘤和多發(fā)性骨髓癌）：免疫系統(tǒng)相關(guān)

E. Central nervous system cancer （神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相關(guān)）：也叫malignancy！我前陣子寫(xiě)了一個(gè)proposal，就用malignancy為主語(yǔ)，還好誤打誤撞，正好是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)腫瘤，即使是這樣，也嚇到了，簡(jiǎn)直是無(wú)知啊。

（3）stromal和mesenchymal難舍難分

按照中文翻譯，兩者皆有“間質(zhì)”之意，前者還可稱之為“基質(zhì)”，后者還可稱“間充質(zhì)”，雖中文博大精深，但到底名字是人家起的。

stromal cell

A type of cell that makes up certain types of connective tissue (supporting tissue that surrounds other tissues and organs).

stromal tumor

A tumor that arises in the supporting connective tissue of an organ.

mesenchymal (meh-ZEN-kih-mul)

Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue.

思考題：那么到底stromal和mesenchymal有什么區(qū)別呢？

加油吧少年!

# 我是大彩蛋~

Carcinoma

Leukemia

Types of leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML，急性髓細(xì)胞白血病 ): This type of leukemia is caused by an underdevelopment or abnormalities in the DNA of the bone marrow.

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL，急性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病 ): This type of cancer is commonly found in infants and children （好發(fā)于嬰幼兒）. The spread of this type of cancer occurs when the white cells begin to grow at a rapid rate.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML，慢性髓系白血病 ): This form of cancer occurs when the myeloid cells undergo a genetic change（與基因有關(guān)）. Due to this genetic change in cells, the normal cells do not have the chance to properly fight infections.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL，慢性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病): This form of leukemia affects the blood cells as well as the bone marrow.