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英語(yǔ)自然拼讀學(xué)習(xí)的六階成功法

 苗苗8 2017-02-28


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Phonics教學(xué)在美國(guó)至少已經(jīng)有百年以上的歷史了。適當(dāng)?shù)腜honics教學(xué),一直被認(rèn)為是最有效、最直接教授母語(yǔ)閱讀的方法。美國(guó)學(xué)者Adams(1990)在PhonicsInstruction for the Nineties 里指出,出現(xiàn)在初級(jí)閱讀材料中的詞匯,其語(yǔ)音和字母間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定。孩子通常能從出現(xiàn)頻率最高的37個(gè)音組中,拼出大約500個(gè)最常使用的詞匯。

國(guó)際音標(biāo) 和Phonics的區(qū)別?

國(guó)際音標(biāo)如同中文的拼音系統(tǒng),是另外形成的輔助系統(tǒng),是為母語(yǔ)不是英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者所服務(wù)的。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)完整但規(guī)則相對(duì)抽象,對(duì)非母語(yǔ)系學(xué)習(xí)者確實(shí)相當(dāng)有幫助。但學(xué)習(xí)一套全新的符號(hào)及其發(fā)音規(guī)則,對(duì)小學(xué)高年級(jí)或初中生都不是很容易,更何況是初學(xué)英語(yǔ)的小孩子呢。

Phonics 屬于英語(yǔ)拼字系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)在機(jī)制,經(jīng)過(guò)百多年來(lái)的發(fā)展和完善,已是美國(guó)孩子的必學(xué)課程。Phonics 更注重英文字母和其發(fā)音的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,可以迅速提升英語(yǔ)閱讀能力。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者,因?yàn)橛锌谡Z(yǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì),在發(fā)現(xiàn)字母和發(fā)音的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系后,只要能把字的音念出來(lái),就很容易聯(lián)想到該字的意思,能直接認(rèn)字或拼字。而中國(guó)孩子雖然沒(méi)有母語(yǔ)背景、但Phonics 對(duì)于幫助認(rèn)字、拼字、提高閱讀能力,及從小教授正確英語(yǔ)發(fā)音方面仍然具有巨大的積極意義。

總的來(lái)說(shuō),這兩者對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者都是不可或缺的,只是適合學(xué)習(xí)的年齡段有所不同而已。只掌握音標(biāo),會(huì)造成現(xiàn)在很多中國(guó)孩子都有的碰到生詞就無(wú)法開(kāi)口的現(xiàn)象。要知道除了字典,很少有國(guó)外書(shū)籍或繪本、讀本會(huì)標(biāo)注音標(biāo)哦,無(wú)法發(fā)音就會(huì)嚴(yán)重破壞閱讀的流暢性,進(jìn)而影響到孩子的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。而只掌握Phonics,會(huì)讓孩子發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著學(xué)習(xí)深入到脫離初級(jí)英語(yǔ)范圍后,越來(lái)越多的單詞無(wú)法直接用Phonics拼出,發(fā)生和不少歐美人士一樣的閱讀困難現(xiàn)象。英語(yǔ)發(fā)展千百年來(lái),不斷吸收各語(yǔ)種詞匯,而中國(guó)孩子缺乏口語(yǔ)環(huán)境,發(fā)生讀音差錯(cuò)不足為奇。若能引入易學(xué)實(shí)用的Phonics,然后再系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際音標(biāo),將使孩子受用終身!

一旦孩子們學(xué)習(xí)了這種不用音標(biāo)的發(fā)音規(guī)律可以很快學(xué)會(huì)拼讀不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,提前進(jìn)入閱讀領(lǐng)域,使英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)變得簡(jiǎn)單、快樂(lè)、有趣^_^

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英語(yǔ)自然拼讀學(xué)習(xí)的六階成功法

第一階:建立字母與字母自然發(fā)音之間的直接聯(lián)系。

第二階:能夠成功拼讀元音+輔音(輔音+元音)。如:c-a ca;a-t at

第三階:能夠成功拼讀輔音+元音+輔音。如d-o-g dog

第四階:能夠成功拼讀雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞。如sw-ea-t-er sweater

第五階:能夠看詞讀音,即看到單詞就能拼讀出該詞匯讀音;聽(tīng)音辨字,即聽(tīng)到單詞讀音就能拼寫(xiě)出該單詞。

第六階:?jiǎn)卧~量大量擴(kuò)充,能夠閱讀英語(yǔ)文章。

1. 自然拼讀法的第一步是掌握二十六個(gè)字母的讀音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)發(fā)兩種音。

2. 第二步是進(jìn)行單元音字母的拼讀練習(xí),如: Sam, cat, mat 等。

3. 第三步, 是固定讀音的單詞 : the, a, is, to, have 等。

4. 第四步,是一個(gè)單詞里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí),前邊一個(gè)元音發(fā)字母音,后邊一個(gè)元音不發(fā)音,如: make, made, sea, five, nine, road 等。

5. 第五步, 是雙/三輔音在一起時(shí)怎么聯(lián)讀, 如:bl(ack), str(eet)等;有一些輔音不發(fā)音,如: ghost,comb, lamb等;要掌握一下和'h'聯(lián)在一起的發(fā)音: ch, sh, th, wh。

6. 第六步,是特殊讀法:

單音節(jié)詞,以元音結(jié)尾, 這個(gè)元音發(fā)字母音.如: me, hi, go 等。

Irregular: ar (car), ay (hay, may, say), igh (high,night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur (burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir,firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy (boy), ow 等有其特別的發(fā)音。'c' 和'k' 在一起時(shí), 發(fā)一個(gè)音: quick, black 等。

自然拼音拼讀練習(xí)表

第一天:a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e

Aa:mat map bag cat hat fan bat apple

Ee:egg well red pen net hen bed bell

Ii:lick six big pig pin kiss ink hill

Oo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrich

Uu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under

a_e:cape name tape lake gamemake take hate

e_e:eve these Japanese Chinese

i_e:bite five nine kite mine nice ride side

o_e:rose nose rope note pose home rode those

u_e:tube cube June cute huge

第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ue

ai:tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maid

ay:bay ray way say hay pay May lay

ee:reed seel bee peel jeep feet see teeth

ea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf pea

ey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key

ie:tie pie lie die

igh:right sight night tight hight fight high sigh

oa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soap

ow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row low

ui:suit juice fruit

ue:Sue blue glue true

第三天:ar er ir ur or

ar:arm car armchair card cart farm park garden

er:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid

ir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girl

ur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurse

or:porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork

第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo ooea

ou:house out mouth count mouse mountain shout

ow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower tower

oi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coil

oy:oyster boy cowboy soy toy

au:August sause sausage naughty autumn applause

aw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawn

oo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoonroom cool fool boom foolish

oo:book cook good foot look hook

ea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather

第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wrmb

ch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherry

sh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovel

wh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheel chair whisper

ph:photo elephant telephone trophy alphabet

th:brother feather leather father mother

th:thumb three bath thirsty thief bathmouth teeth

kn:knob knee knife knock knit

wr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath write

mb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb

第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr dr

bl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde

fl:flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flower

pl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plant

cl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clown

gl:glove globe glass glue glasses glider

br:bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brother

cr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissant

gr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandma

pr:prixe price prawn press prince princess pray

fr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frame

tr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolley

dr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink

第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew y

sm:smile small smell smoke smooth

sn:snowman snow snoresnake snail sneaker snack

sl:slow slap sleep slide slope sled

sw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweat

sp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spell

st:stockings store star stamp storm stick student stand

sc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoop

sk:skunk skis skirt skates

all:call tall fall ball wall

ew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaper

Yy:sky fly dry spy type shy cry my

Yy:Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby

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自然拼音強(qiáng)化練習(xí):Tongue twister

1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.

2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!

3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.

4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.

5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.

6.Black background,brown background.

7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster.

8.A good cook can cook good cookies.

9.At noon I took a good book,and sat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot. And put my foot in the pool. Oh! How cool, how cool.

10.The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in the house.

11.Betty better butter Brad's bread.

12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.

13.The first is the first. The third is the third. The third can be the first, The first can be the third.

14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.

15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, 'Let us fly!' Said the fly, 'Let us flee!' So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

16.I wish you were a fish in my dish.

17.Jean's three sheep are near the green jeep.

18.There are thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.

19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.

20.It’s a goat, sitting in a boat, wearing a coat and writing a note. It’s a bear, sitting on a chair, holding a pear and combing its hair.It’s a cock, sitting on a rock, wearing a sock and looking at a clock. It’s a fly, wearing a tie, holding a pie and waving good bye.


語(yǔ)言的習(xí)得,是一種習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成,英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí),需要每天一點(diǎn)一滴的積累。

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