|
Do animals or human beings feel pain after being beheaded? Adriana Heguy這是一個困擾了人們很長時間的問題，為什么人在被斬首后，頭和身體還能夠移動呢？。 目前還不清楚在斬首后，大腦是如何在血壓驟降，大量且突然的失血的情況下保持短暫運(yùn)作。但有一些報道指出，被斬首的人確實可以在數(shù)秒內(nèi)維持面部表情，或使表情有明顯變化，甚至是抖動雙唇。正如你們想的一樣，這是一項不可能在人身上進(jìn)行的試驗。我也不清楚用動物來做這實驗會讓我們從中學(xué)到什么，但這樣的實驗真在老鼠身上做過。腦電圖顯示，在老鼠被斬首后的四秒內(nèi)，老鼠大腦仍在維持著運(yùn)作（如果四秒足夠用來思考的話），這比大多數(shù)人預(yù)計的時間都要長。因此，在瞬間發(fā)生的意外中，我們能確定意外（比如車禍）真正發(fā)生之前我們經(jīng)歷了情緒變化。（譯者注：EEG=Electroencephalography 腦電圖記錄） http://m./39219-can-severed-head-live.html 以上實驗，還有種種其他實驗——比如老鼠心臟停止跳動后，檢測它的腦活動（這種情況下，大腦的意識可以持續(xù)30秒，有興趣的話可以看我的回答：關(guān)于瀕臨死亡的體驗的最新理論，都表明了在被斬首，心臟死亡或是窒息后，大腦活動仍然可以持續(xù)幾秒。老鼠的試驗甚至暗示了一種更高級的意識狀態(tài)。 當(dāng)然，一個無頭體（或切斷的肢體）的面部表情或肌肉抽搐，可能只是由于簡單的條件反射，而非有意識的行為。 但有關(guān)于嚙齒動物的實驗似乎表明意識可能會維系幾秒鐘，而在這種情況下，痛苦，將死的意識也將持續(xù)。在某種程度上，感覺到死亡逼臨的動物擁有一些對“最后的資源”——腎上腺素進(jìn)行進(jìn)化的機(jī)制，在特定情況下，這很有可能挽救它們的生命。 給那些喜歡讀有關(guān)斷頭，死刑的恐怖文章的人的彩蛋: https://allkindsofhistory./2011/01/25/some-experiments-with-severed-heads/ 別全當(dāng)真，并祝福你有個好夢。
Adriana Heguy It's a good question, that has fascinated many people for a long time, why is there still movement of the body and the head as well after a beheading? It's not clear how the brain would keep functioning for a few seconds since decapitation would lead to a massive drop in blood pressure from the drastic and sudden loss of blood. There are reports of severed human heads continuing to have an for a few seconds after decapitation, or even change after decapitation, or moving the lips. As you guys can imagine, one cannot carry out experiments of the sort in humans, and I'm also not sure what exactly we would gain from beheading lab animals, but this experiment was actually carried out in mice while an EEG was performed, and electrical activity that looked like consciousness continued to exist for 4 seconds, longer period than one might think, given that it is possible to have thoughts in 4 seconds, and for those of us who have been involved in some type type of accident that takes a fraction of a second, we can attest the emotions that we had to experience before the actual car crash, for example. http://m./ This experiment, and others carried out on rat's brains after their hearts had stopped (in this case the activity that seemed like consciousness lasted 30 seconds, see my answer to this question: What are the current theories about near death experiences), suggest that it is possible for brain activity to continue for a few seconds (not minutes), after death by decapitation or after cardiac death or suffocation. The rat experiments even suggest a heightened state of consciousness. Of course, facial s or muscle twitches in the limbs of a headless body (or in severed limbs), can result from simple reflexes and do not necessarily indicate any consciousness. But the experiments with rodents seem to indicate that consciousness may persist for a few seconds, and in that case, suffering, and awareness of the impending death, may persist as well. In a way, it would make sense that an animal, sensing death, has some evolved mechanism for a 'last resource' adrenaline rush that could perhaps save its life, depending on the circumstances. Bonus points to whoever feels like reading this article full of gruesome details of guillotine executions and severed heads: https://allkindsofhistory Take it with a grain of salt, and sweet dreams.
|
|
|
