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來自專筑編輯丁思源，范偲慧的報道。這個木質(zhì)的學(xué)校建筑的改造工程由歐盟文化遺產(chǎn)基金會于2001年發(fā)起。目的是為了吸引公眾關(guān)注被忽視的木質(zhì)建筑遺產(chǎn)的保護。以里加設(shè)計藝術(shù)學(xué)院這個木質(zhì)建筑為平臺，展示木構(gòu)建筑的獨特品質(zhì)，并展現(xiàn)當代改造的魅力。在未來十年內(nèi)，歐洲區(qū)域發(fā)展基金會將為這些改造項目提供相應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟支持。
From the architect. The reconstruction project of the wooden school building was initiated by Europa Nostra foundation in 2001. The purpose of the project was to draw public attention to preservation of neglected wooden architecture heritage by developing an example which would reveal the unique qualities of Riga’s wooden buildings and show contemporary way to their renovation. It was possible to start the reconstruction work only ten years later when European Regional Development Fund financed the project.
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原先的卡特里娜學(xué)校建于1820年，是里加最古老的采用木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的學(xué)校建筑。兩百年來，它依舊保留著其教育功能，現(xiàn)在這里成為里加設(shè)計藝術(shù)學(xué)院。改造項目的主旨是盡可能復(fù)原19世紀早期的木構(gòu)建筑。為此，分析、理解并恢復(fù)歷史規(guī)模、功能和統(tǒng)一的細節(jié)顯得至關(guān)重要，從而適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代學(xué)校的功能。為了確保可持續(xù)性和在當下與未來合理使用歷史建筑，所選的改造方法為形式為表、功能為本。
The former Katrina School was built in 1820. It is the oldest wooden school building in Riga, which for two hundred years has retained its educational function, now housing Riga School of Design and Art. The main objective of the renovation project was to restore the architectonic presence of the early 19th century wooden building as close to the original as possible. To this end, it was essential to analyze, understand and reveal the historical size, functions and unity of detail so as to adapt the building to the functional needs of a modern school as gently as possible. To ensure sustainability and rational use of the historical building both at present and in the future, the chosen renovation approach could be formulated as foreground semantics and background functionality.
Floor Plan/平面圖
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首要任務(wù)是有序布置平面圖，這意味著需要理清這個房子在經(jīng)過多次裝修后被掩蓋起來的結(jié)構(gòu)和對稱軸。其次是要讓人們感知到建筑使用的古老的自然材料。整齊的原木展示著其內(nèi)置的品質(zhì)，無疑決定了室內(nèi)的氛圍。第三個決定設(shè)計的因素是增加的全新元素、形式和材料。這個建筑現(xiàn)有兩個新的木質(zhì)樓梯、木質(zhì)和鋁制結(jié)構(gòu)框架的玻璃隔斷和鋁制天窗。所有這些室內(nèi)環(huán)境可以認為是新時代的產(chǎn)物。這些要素簡潔明了，沒有一味地沿襲歷史建筑的細節(jié)。后期后院將進行拆除擴建，原來的原木立面也將進行翻新。屋頂?shù)腟形的粘土磚和帶有彩繪的屋面鐵也會進行修復(fù)。
The first task was to put the floor plans of the building in order, which meant uncovering the strict structure and symmetrical axes buried under the labyrinth formed in the course of the multiple renovations. Another factor that contributed to a certain feeling in the building was the old natural materials, first and foremost, the wood, which, uncovered and tidied up, revealed its built-in qualities and undoubtedly determines the atmosphere of the interior. The third aspect involved decisions regarding the addition of completely new elements, forms and materials. The building now has two new wooden staircases, glass crosswalls in wooden and aluminium constructions and aluminium skylights. All of these can be read in the context of the interior as a contribution of the new era. These were completed laconically, without copying the historical details of the building. The backyard extensions of later periods were demolished and the log facades in their original look were renovated. The roof with S shaped clay tiles and painted roofing iron was restored.
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設(shè)計師在對這個木質(zhì)建筑進行評估時就確立了其室內(nèi)設(shè)計的理念是保持房間的簡潔性。壁爐的供熱改造是改造的一個非常重要的部分。這棟建筑之前從沒有通過暖氣，因此學(xué)校的管理團隊和設(shè)計團隊達成一致意見：加熱壁爐必須保留。
The concept of the interior for the wooden house was formed from the conclusion arrived at during the evaluation of the building that the rooms have always been very simple. Heating by woodstove was a very important part of the renovation concept. The building has never had central heating, therefore the administration of the school and the design team were in complete agreement: heating by woodstove must be retained even after the renovation of the building.
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Site Plan/場地平面圖
Floor Plan/平面圖
Section/剖面圖
Section/剖面圖
Detail/細節(jié)
Detail/細節(jié)
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建筑設(shè)計單位：Zaigas Gailes birojs
地點：拉脫維亞 里加
項目負責(zé)人：Zaiga Gaile, Liene Griezīte, Iveta Cibule, Ingmārs Atavs, Ineta Solzemniece-Saleniece, Dāvis Gasuls, Kristīne Riba
面積：897.0平方米
項目時間：2013年
照片提供：Ansis Starks
施工：“Abora”有限責(zé)任公司和“AG”有限責(zé)任公司
委托人：拉脫維亞里加設(shè)計藝術(shù)學(xué)院
Architects: Zaigas Gailes birojs
Location: Lā?plē?a iela 55, Latgales priek?pilsēta, Rīga, LV-1011, Latvia
Architect In Charge: Zaiga Gaile, Liene Griezīte, Iveta Cibule, Ingmārs Atavs, Ineta Solzemniece-Saleniece, Dāvis Gasuls, Kristīne Riba
Area: 897.0 sqm
Year: 2013
Photographs: Ansis Starks
Construction: “Abora”Ltd. and “AG” Ltd.
Client: Foundation Latvia Nostra, Riga School of Design and Art
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