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翻譯中常犯的錯(cuò)誤 中式英語之鑒100句

 牛小臭 2012-04-28

中式英語之鑒100句(中國人常常要搞錯(cuò)的哦!看看你是不是?)

 

注:雨巷英語園地 is now closed. This 100 sentences is from a much bigger collection and discussion. 

01.   有他這顆掃帚星,什么事情都辦不成。
[誤] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.
[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注:“掃帚星”是中國人對“慧星”(comet)的俗稱,因其后面象拖著的一條像掃帚一樣的長尾巴而得名。在中國古代,“掃帚星”被認(rèn)為是災(zāi)難的預(yù)兆,并被用來比喻不吉利的人或事;禍根:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英語的 comet 雖然沒有這層含義,但卻有一個(gè)對應(yīng)的說法,即 jinx。 例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “這輛汽車上有什么妨人的東西,總給我找麻煩”。

02.   02.蘿卜青菜,各有所愛。
[誤] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
[正] Tastes differ.

03.   注:Tastes differ/vary 是句英語諺語,除此以外,原句還可翻譯成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。《新概念英語》第三冊第23課的標(biāo)題是:One man's meat is another man's poison,表達(dá)的很生動(dòng)。 總之,應(yīng)采取意譯。

03.他一向嘴硬,從不認(rèn)錯(cuò)。
[誤] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
[正] He never says uncle.
注:say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。主要是男孩們打架時(shí)的用語,當(dāng)一方想制服另一方時(shí),就用命令的口氣說:“Say uncle!”這時(shí),有的孩子為了表示不服輸,就是不說。后來,say uncle 就成了“服輸”的代名詞,而 not say uncle 就相當(dāng)于“嘴硬”了。

04.老師很喜歡這個(gè)嘴甜的小姑娘。
[誤] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
注:中國人喜歡說“嘴甜”,但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的語言習(xí)慣。

05.同學(xué)們都很討厭他,因?yàn)樗?jīng)常拍老師的馬屁。
[誤] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
注:以前在歐洲,臣民見到國王與王后往往要葡匐到在,親吻他們的靴子。后來,人們將 lick the boots 引申為“為了某種目的而討好某人”,它與漢語的“拍馬屁”含義一樣。在美國英語中,“拍馬屁”還有另一種說法,即 polish the apple,它典出以前的學(xué)生用擦亮的蘋果來討好老師。

06.你聽說了嗎?邁克把他的女朋友給甩了。
[誤] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.
[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend.
注:break up with sb. 雖然表示“與某人分手了”,但并沒說明是誰先提出來的。而 dump 的原意指“傾倒垃圾”,用在這里則表示像倒垃圾一樣地甩掉。

07.我們要把祖國建設(shè)成為社會(huì)主義的現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國。
[誤] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.
[正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.
注:形容詞作為修飾語在漢語和英語中都很常用,但使用的先后次序卻有所不同。在英語中我們一般遵循“靠近原則”,即越能說明本質(zhì)屬性的修飾詞越靠近它所修飾的名詞,當(dāng)從這一點(diǎn)看不出區(qū)別時(shí),就靠詞的長短來決定,短的在前,長的在后。原文中最能說明“國家”本質(zhì)的定語是“社會(huì)主義的”,所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修飾的中心詞。

08.人都是這山望著那山高,對自己的現(xiàn)狀沒有滿意的時(shí)候。
[誤] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.
[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.
注:“這山望著那山高”是指人不滿足于現(xiàn)狀的心理,它在英語中已經(jīng)有了現(xiàn)成的說法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更綠),因此我們借用即可,這樣既方便又更有利于與西方人溝通。
09.中華人民共和國主席
[誤] Chairman of the People's Republic of China
[正] President of the People's Republic of China
注:以前,我們一直將“主席”翻譯為 chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(偉大領(lǐng)袖毛主席)。其實(shí)“主席”與 chairman 并不等義,chairman 在英語中通常指會(huì)議或某一具體組織的負(fù)責(zé)人,它的權(quán)力和重要性不及中文的“主席”。這就是為什么1983年,在我國《憲法》的英譯單行本中開始使用 President一詞,并沿用至今。另外,國內(nèi)仍有不少詞典把“班/級長(學(xué)校的)”譯為“class monitor”,這是“四人幫”時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物,那時(shí)的“班長”是專司監(jiān)管學(xué)生的,所以譯作“monitor”。而“班長”的正確譯文應(yīng)該是“class president”。

10.轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)南北
[誤] fight south and north
[正] fight north and south注:在地理方位的表達(dá)習(xí)慣上,中英文有一定的區(qū)別。中國人習(xí)慣于先“東西”后“南北”,而且在涉及“南北”時(shí),習(xí)慣于先說“南”,再說“北”,如:“南征北戰(zhàn)”、“南來北往”等。而英美人與此正好相反,如“江蘇在中國的東南部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆在中國的西北部”應(yīng)譯為 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。

11.這個(gè)教授教得很爛。
[誤] The professor teaches badly.
[正] The professor is so terrible.
注:有人認(rèn)為第二句的意思是“這個(gè)教授很可怕”,其實(shí)不然。英語中 terible 意思很靈活,例如:feel terrible 指身體“不舒服”; The food is terrible 則是說食物“難吃極了”。而第一句純屬中文式的表達(dá)。

12.北京申奧成功的消息令我們熱血沸騰。
[誤] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.
[正] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.
注:make one's blood boil 是指“激怒某人”,而非“使人激動(dòng)”。英語中“使人激動(dòng)”的說法除了 make one excited,還有較為口語化的 make one's spine tingle。

13.別聽他們胡說八道,根本就沒那回事。
[誤] Don't listen to their babbling. Nothing of the sort.
[正] Don't be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort.
注:原文中的“聽”不能用 listen to 來表示,因?yàn)?listen to 指“聽”的動(dòng)作,而原文中的“別聽”不是不讓他“聽”,而是勸告他“不要聽信”,因此,用 not be fooled by 才更達(dá)意。

14.我們這兒的人都覺得他有婚外戀。
[誤] Pepple around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.
[正] Pepple around here all feel that he is leading a double life.
注:affair 本身就指“私通”或“曖昧關(guān)系”,當(dāng)然是“婚外”的事,所以 outside one's own marriage 無疑是多此一舉了。英語中“有婚外戀”的地道說法應(yīng)該是 lead a double life。

15.別看別人不把她當(dāng)回事,在家里她可是父親的掌上明珠。
[誤] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.
[正] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the apple of her father's eye at home.
注:中英文常用不同的喻體表明相同的喻義,“掌上明珠”與 the apple of one's eye 就是一個(gè)很好的例子。這種情況我們一般應(yīng)尊重各國文化和習(xí)俗,翻譯時(shí)取目的語的固定說法,而不必直譯,這有助于將意思更有效地傳達(dá)給讀者。the apple of one's eye 源自圣經(jīng)《舊約》,當(dāng)時(shí)人們用 apple 指人的瞳孔。盡管瞳孔現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用 pupil 來表示,不再是 apple 了,但這一用法卻延續(xù)了下來。

16.都十點(diǎn)鐘了。起床了,懶蟲!
[誤] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy worm!
[正] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy bones!
注:“懶蟲”并非真是一條蟲,只不過被用來形容人很懶惰罷了。英語里與之對應(yīng)的說法是 lazy bones(懶骨頭)。注意,這里的 bone 應(yīng)以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),也許是因?yàn)椴粫?huì)只有一根骨頭懶吧!

17.我唯一的資本就是勤奮。
[誤] My only capital is diligence.
[正] My only means to success is diligence.
注:原文的“資本”是借喻,實(shí)際指“可以依靠并取得成功的手段”。而英語的 capital 指 money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,并沒有中文那樣的引申意思。所以,這里的“資本”不能與 capital 畫等號(hào)。也有人用 advantage 來翻譯“資本”,雖然不盡意,但至少可以讓讀者理解。

18.這家商店開辟了休息處,受到顧客的稱贊。
[誤] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers' appreciation.
[正] This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers' appreciation.
注:英語的 resting-place 雖然有“休息處”的意思,但更經(jīng)常的是用來指“墳?zāi)埂?,即“最后安息之處”。因此,把公共場所的“休息處”譯為 resting-place 不很合適。也有人將它譯為 rest-room,但那更不妥當(dāng),因?yàn)橛⒄Z中的 rest-room 是“廁所”的委婉說法,而“休息處”不是這個(gè)意思。

19.大家都懷疑湯姆是個(gè)間諜。
[誤] Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy.
[正] Everyone suspects that Tom is a spy.
注:doubt 作“懷疑”講,是“不相信”的意思;而 suspect 作“懷疑”講,是指“對...有所察覺”。第一句譯文犯了兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤:首先,doubt 不能接 that 從句,只有not doubt that 和 doubt if/whether;其次,它所表達(dá)的意思是“大家對湯姆是間諜這件事表示懷疑”,即“大家不相信湯姆是間諜”,與原文的意思恰好相反。

20. 我們倆關(guān)系最好,他經(jīng)常來我這兒蹲飯吃。
[誤] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.
[正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.
注:第一句只表明“他常到我這兒來白吃白喝”,但朋友這間那種親密關(guān)系沒有體現(xiàn)出來。而 bum sth. off sb. 指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小東西,而朋友也不會(huì)介意還不還

21.最近的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示中國人口已超過12億。
[誤] The latest census shows that China's population has surpassed 1.2 billion.
[正] The latest census shows that China's population exceeds 1.2 billion.
注:surpass 和 exceed 譯成中文雖然都是“超過,勝過”的意思,但出現(xiàn)具體數(shù)字時(shí)要用后者。

22. 我希望你不要拖我的后腿。
[誤] I hope that you won't pull my leg.
[正] I hope that you won't hold me back.
注:pull one's leg 是“愚弄某人,開某人的玩笑”的意思,相當(dāng)于 make fun of sb.。英語中與“拖后腿”相對應(yīng)的表達(dá)是 hold sb. back 或 be a drag on sb. 等。

23. 學(xué)校里,那些長得人高馬大的家伙常來找我的麻煩。
[誤] At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble.
[正] At school, those big and strong guys always come to pick on me.
注:find my trouble 是“發(fā)現(xiàn)我的難處”的意思,而英語中“找某人的麻煩”用短語 pick on sb. 它不僅表示“挑剔某人、找某人的碴”,而且還包含 tease(取笑、戲弄)或 bully(威脅、欺侮)的意思。

24. 原來如此。一經(jīng)你解釋我就明白了。
[誤] So it is. I understand soon after your explanation.
[正] So that's how it is. I understand soon after your explanation.
注:So it is 的意思是“的確如此”,它是用來表示對對方觀點(diǎn)的贊同的。例如:
A: It is a fine day today!
B: So it is.
而在表達(dá)恍然大悟時(shí),英文要用 So that's how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更簡單地道的說法 Oh, I see.

25. 我沒料到這個(gè)無恥的女人居然同她好友的丈夫調(diào)情。
[誤] I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.
[正] I had not expected that this shameless woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.
注:shameful 通常指某事物是“可恥的,丟臉的”,而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用來指人“不知羞恥的,不要臉的”或“傷風(fēng)敗俗的”。原文也可譯為:It's shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.

26. 我每天都要在網(wǎng)吧里呆上10個(gè)小時(shí),是個(gè)不折不扣的網(wǎng)蟲。
[誤] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.
[正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter.
注:“網(wǎng)蟲”要是直譯成 net bug,很容易使人聯(lián)想到計(jì)算機(jī)病毒,如:the millennium bug(“千年蟲”病毒)。所以,英語中與之相應(yīng)的說法是 netter/nettle。在《劍橋國際英語詞典》里,對 netter/nettle 的解釋是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和“網(wǎng)蟲”的意思差不多,它表示“網(wǎng)癡,網(wǎng)迷”;而 netizen 則可以用來指所有的網(wǎng)民,尤其是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的用戶,它是由 net(網(wǎng)絡(luò))和 citizen(公民)組合而成的。還有一個(gè)時(shí)髦的詞是 netsurfer,即“網(wǎng)上沖浪者”。

27. 東施效顰。
[誤] Doingshi imitates Xishi.
[正] The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.
注:把原文按照字面意思直譯過來,恐怕只有中國人能夠理解。要想讓外國人明白這個(gè)中國成語,就要對譯文進(jìn)行解釋性加工了。同樣,“情人眼里出西施”不是 Xishi is in the eye of the beholder,而是 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder。

28. 你不好好學(xué)習(xí),還想去牛津上大學(xué)。這可真是個(gè)不切實(shí)際的幻想喲!
[誤] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion!
[正] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!
注:漢語中的修飾語往往用的很多,目的在于加強(qiáng)語氣,但這種表達(dá)習(xí)慣在翻譯時(shí)必須進(jìn)行處理。illusion 本身就有 impractical 的含義,而英語中在表意已經(jīng)很明確的情況下是無需重復(fù)的。

29. 想讓他答應(yīng)這樣的要求恐怕不大可能。
[誤] I'm afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.
[正] I'm afreaid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request.
注:impossible 表示“完全不可能”,所以與原文有出入。在英語中,probable 表示的可能性最大,其次是 possible,再次是 likely。而常用的句式為 it is probable/possible/likely for sb. to do sth.,或 sb. be likely to do sth.。

30. 一群螞蟻
[誤] a group of ants
[正] a colony of ants
注:表示群體時(shí),group 通常指人或物,而 colony 才指生物群體

31. 她和男朋友吵了一架,冒著大雨跑了出去。
[誤] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the big rain.
[正] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the heavy rain.
注: 漢語中的“大”可以修飾很多名詞,如“大風(fēng)”、“大浪”、“濕氣大”等,但在英語里卻不能一一對應(yīng)。例如,“大雨”就不能譯成 big rain,因?yàn)槟菚?huì)被人誤以為是雨點(diǎn)大,而不是雨大。英美人形容雨大習(xí)慣用“重”(heavy),heary rain(大雨),heavy clouds(云霧大),heavy moisture(潮氣大)等,這也許是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為有些事物用重量來衡量比用體積更好吧。

32. 我每天都要在網(wǎng)吧里呆上10個(gè)小時(shí),是個(gè)不折不扣的網(wǎng)蟲。
[誤] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.
[正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter.
注:“網(wǎng)蟲”要是直譯成 net bug,很容易使人聯(lián)想到計(jì)算機(jī)病毒,如:the millennium bug(“千年蟲”病毒)。所以,英語中與之相應(yīng)的說法是 netter/nettle。在《劍橋國際英語詞典》里,對 netter/nettle 的解釋是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和“網(wǎng)蟲”的意思差不多,它表示“網(wǎng)癡,網(wǎng)迷”;而 netizen 則可以用來指所有的網(wǎng)民,尤其是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的用戶,它是由 net(網(wǎng)絡(luò))和 citizen(公民)組合而成的。還有一個(gè)時(shí)髦的詞是 netsurfer,即“網(wǎng)上沖浪者”。

33. 每次考試來臨的時(shí)候,約翰就變成了一只夜貓子,但這并不是一個(gè)好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。
[誤] John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.
[正] John becomes a night owl every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.
注:owl 是“貓頭鷹”的意思,即一種深夜不睡,睜一只眼,閉一只眼,準(zhǔn)備隨時(shí)捕捉田鼠的動(dòng)物。英語中用 night owl 來比喻經(jīng)常熬夜的人,就像我們習(xí)慣用“夜貓子”一樣。不論叫你“夜貓子”還是 a night owl,“開夜車”(burn the midnight oil)總是免不了的。

34. 現(xiàn)如今,由于出國深造的人越來越多,“海龜(歸)派”也不像原來那樣吃香了。
[誤] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the overseas students are not so popular as before.
[正] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the returnees are not so popular as before.
注:“海龜(歸)派”是指那些在國外留學(xué)以后又回來的人,是個(gè)非常形象的新名詞。但 overseas student 是指正在國外學(xué)習(xí)的“留學(xué)生”,意思正好相反,所以要換成 returnee。這個(gè)詞本身就包含在海外學(xué)習(xí)過的意思。

35. 在皎潔的月光下,那個(gè)花花公子在我耳邊悄悄說著情話。
[誤] The playboy whispered love words to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.
[正] The playboy whispered sweet nothings to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.
注: 因?yàn)椤扒闀笔?love letter,“情歌”是 love song,所以不少人以為“情話”就應(yīng)該是 love words,其實(shí)并非如此。英語中“情話”常用 lovers'prattle 或 sweet nothings 來表達(dá)。prattle 有“孩子話,廢話”的意思,所以 lovers' prattle 指“戀人之間孩子氣的廢話”;sweet nothings 更是一目了然,有“甜蜜而不中用”的意思。

36. 比爾.蓋茨平均每天工作15個(gè)小時(shí),他簡直就是一個(gè)工作狂。
[誤] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work.
[正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is a workaholic.
注: crazy 雖然可以作“瘋狂的,狂熱的”講,但 be crazy about/on sth. 的意思卻是“熱衷于...,對...著迷”;be crazy for 也不行,因?yàn)樗硎尽翱释澄铮幻詰伲橙耍?。可見,它們都與“工作狂”有一定區(qū)別。而 workaholic 是從 alcoholic(嗜酒成癖者)派生出來的,表示像酗酒者離不開酒精一樣地離不開工作。現(xiàn)在人們將 -holic 作為一個(gè)后綴,表示“對...上癮,嗜好...成癖”,并構(gòu)成了許多新詞。例如:movie-holic(嗜好電影成癖的人),telehokic(看電視成癖的人)等。

37. 給這們女士來杯威士忌,記在我的賬上。
[誤] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my bill.
[正] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my tab.
注: 我們可以說 Could we have the bill, please? (請給我們賬單好嗎?)或 pay the bill(埋單),但“記在某某的賬上”卻不用 bill,而要用 put...on one's tab 表示。tab 是“小紙片”的意思,因?yàn)檫^去小店的生意都是靠住在附近的老主顧,賒賬時(shí)有發(fā)生,于是老板們通常把每個(gè)人的賒賬情況記在各自的小紙片上,也就是 put...on one's tab,以防遺忘。漸漸地,該詞組就成了一種習(xí)慣用法。

38. 哈羅得揮金如土,沒有一點(diǎn)積蓄。
[誤] Harold spends money like dirt, and has no savings.
[正] Harold spends money like water, and has no savings.
注: 英國是一個(gè)島國,離不開水;而我們中國的許多地區(qū)深處內(nèi)陸,人們的生活離不開土地。所以,英語中有許多習(xí)語與“水”有關(guān),而漢語卻常常拿“土”作比。這就是為什么同樣是比喻花錢浪費(fèi),大手大腳,英語是 spend money like water,而漢語卻是“揮金如土”。此外,英語中還有很多有關(guān)船和水的習(xí)語,例如:rest on one's oars(暫時(shí)歇一歇),keep one's head above water(奮力圖存),be all at sea(不知所措)等等。

39. 這只表的價(jià)錢很貴。
[誤] The price of the watch is dear.
[正] The watch is dear. /The price of the watch is high.
注: 以物品為主語時(shí)用 dear 或 cheap,以定價(jià)為主語時(shí)就說 high 或 low.

40. 昨天晚上我們玩得很愉快。
[誤] We played very pleasantly last night.
[正] We enjoyed ourselves very much last night./ We had a good time last night.
注: 玩牌,打球,演戲之類就用 play,漢語這兒說的玩是指度過一個(gè)愉快的時(shí)候,最好譯成 enjoy oneself 或 have a good time.

 

41. 嘿,小伙子,千萬別灰心。
[誤] Hey, lad, don't lose your heart.
[正] Hey, lad, don't lose heart.
注: lose one's heart (to sb.) 是“心被...俘虜去,愛上...”的意思,而 lose heart 才表示“灰心喪氣,喪失勇氣或信心”。

42. 歌迷們沖進(jìn)演員休息室,搶著同凱莉.米納合影。
[誤] The fans rushed into the rest room trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.
[正] The fans rushed into the greenroom trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.
注: 倫敦西區(qū)的特魯街劇院是英國最古老的劇院,據(jù)說為了讓演員們長時(shí)間處于舞臺(tái)強(qiáng)烈燈光照射下的眼睛得到休息,那里的演員休息室被漆成了綠色。后來,greenroom 就逐漸成了“(劇場)演員休息室”的代名詞。而 rest room 可不是這個(gè)意義上的“休息室”,它其實(shí)是“廁所”的一種委婉說法。43. 我感到很痛。
[誤] I am painful.
[正] I feel great pain.
注:“我感到高興”是 I am happy,“我感到累了”是 I'm tired,但“我感到很痛”卻不是 I am painful。因?yàn)?painful 表示“使人痛苦的,讓人疼痛或討厭的”,它的主語往往不是人,而是事物或人體的某個(gè)部位,如:The foot is painful(腳痛),The lessons are painful(教訓(xùn)是慘痛的)等。所以沒有 I am painful 這個(gè)說法,如果你非要這樣說,別人會(huì)以為你全身帶電或渾身長刺,別人碰了你就會(huì)疼,是你讓別人痛苦,而不是你自己痛苦。

44. 亞洲四小龍。
[誤] the Four Little Dragons of Asia
[正] the Four Little Tigers of Asia
注: 在我國古代傳說中,龍是降雨和懲治妖魔鬼怪的神奇動(dòng)物,是吉祥和力挽狂瀾的象征。很多漢語成語與“龍”有關(guān),如“龍飛鳳舞”、“龍鳳呈祥”、“藏龍臥虎”等,而且多為褒義詞。但如果把“四小龍”直譯成英文卻不行,因?yàn)槲鞣饺藢Α褒垺钡穆?lián)想和看法與中國人完全不同?!褒垺保╠ragon)在西方是貶義詞,是邪惡的免征,西方人不會(huì)理解為什么要把亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)的四個(gè)強(qiáng)國說成“四個(gè)小魔鬼”,所以要用 tiger 進(jìn)行替換。在西方人眼里,tiger “是朝氣蓬勃、堅(jiān)忍不拔、努力奮斗、充滿希望”的免征,所以用 tiger 才能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文的意思。

45. 百里挑一。
[誤] one in a hundred
[正] one in a thousand
注: “百里挑一”常被用來形容“很特別,很出眾”或“與眾不同”,one in a thousand 也有相同的含義。但值得注意的是,漢語用“百”,而英語則以十倍于百的 thousand 來夸張。同樣,漢語的“十分感謝”或“萬分感謝”,英語則說 a thousand thanks(千分感謝)或 thanks a million times(百萬次的感謝)。可見,英語比漢語要夸張。這也許反映了兩個(gè)民族不同的思維方式:中國人崇尚中庸之道,凡事避免走極端,即使夸大其詞也不太過火;而英美人追求標(biāo)新立異和充分考慮表現(xiàn)自我,這在語言中自然也有體現(xiàn)。

46. 周末許多人睡得很晚。
[誤] Many people sleep late at weekends.
[正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends.
注: 第一句譯文錯(cuò)在沒弄懂 sleep 的真正含義。英語動(dòng)詞有短暫動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)動(dòng)詞之分,它們分別表示短暫動(dòng)作和持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。sleep 是典型的持續(xù)動(dòng)詞,表示“在睡覺”。而漢語的“睡”既可表示“上床睡覺”的短暫動(dòng)作,如:我昨天11點(diǎn)才睡;也可以表示“在睡覺”的持續(xù)動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),如:他睡了整整10個(gè)小時(shí)。原文屬于前一種情況,即表示“上床睡覺”的短暫動(dòng)作,故應(yīng)該使用 go to bed。

47. 干杯!要一飲而盡。
[誤] ---Cheers! Bottom up.
[正] ---Cheers! Bottoms up.
注: bottoms up 雖然只比 bottom up 多一個(gè) s,但是兩個(gè)詞組的意思卻相差十萬八千里。bottoms up 里的 bottom 是指“(酒杯的)底部”,那么杯朝天就是“一飲而盡”的意思,而且因?yàn)楦杀瓡r(shí)肯定不止一人一飲而盡,所以要用復(fù)數(shù);而 bottom up 表示“屁股朝天”。

48. 這個(gè)任務(wù)很危險(xiǎn),但總得有人去冒險(xiǎn)。
[誤] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to take the adventure.
[正] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to bell the cat.
注: adventure 指軍事歷險(xiǎn)、探險(xiǎn)旅行等驚險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)或投機(jī)活動(dòng)。而 bell the cat 源自一個(gè)故事:一窩老鼠想在貓脖子上套一個(gè)鈴鐺,這樣貓一來他們就會(huì)聽到,并及時(shí)逃命。但主意雖好,卻苦于沒人去套這個(gè)鈴鐺(bell the cat)。后來,bell the cat 被人們反復(fù)引用,表示“為大家的事去承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,并成了表示原文意思最貼切的英語習(xí)語。

49. 一輛白色轎車前來接新郎新娘去教堂。
[誤] A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.
[正] A white car turned up to take the bride and the groom to the church.
注: 漢英兩種語言均有各自固定的詞序,因此,在翻譯時(shí)要根據(jù)各自的語言習(xí)慣進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整,此處就是一個(gè)很好的例子。之所以將新娘放在前面,也許是西方文化中“女士優(yōu)先”的又一體現(xiàn)吧!又如:“衣食住行”譯成英語是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同樣,“左顧右盼”翻譯成 look right and left。

50. 你去弄些水來。
[誤] Go and bring some water.
[正] Go and fetch some water.
注: bring 雖然表示“帶來”,但它是讓某人在來的時(shí)候?qū)⒛澄飵恚ǖf話時(shí)人還沒來);而 fetch 則是讓身邊的某人“去取某物”,它包括往返的兩段路程

51.那本書毫無價(jià)值可言。
[誤] That book is invaluable.
[正] That book is valueless.
注:invaluable 和 valueless 一個(gè)是在形容詞 valuable(有價(jià)值的)之前加上否定形容詞前綴 in-;另一個(gè)是在名詞 value(價(jià)值)的后面加上否定形容詞 -less,但它們的意思卻剛好相反。invaluable 是指“非常貴重的,無價(jià)的”(highly valuable, precious),其同義詞是 priceless;valueless 的意思卻是“毫無價(jià)值的”,相當(dāng)于 worthless。現(xiàn)將這兩個(gè)詞用在同一個(gè)句子中,以便區(qū)別:The book that he considered valueless proved invaluable to us(他認(rèn)為毫無價(jià)值的那本書對我們來說卻是無價(jià)之寶)。

52. IBM公司一直處在電腦行業(yè)的前沿。
[誤] IBM is always in the front line of computer industry.
[正] IBM is always at the cuttting edge of computer insustry.
注: front line 是“前線,第一線”的意思,常指最危險(xiǎn)或最艱苦的地方。例如:Many doctors are in the front line of the fighting against SARS(許多醫(yī)生戰(zhàn)斗在抗擊“非典”的第一線)。at the cutting edge 最早出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)50年代,它最初指“銳器的鋒利部位”,現(xiàn)在常隱喻“處在(高科技的)最前沿。

53. 一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教師曾經(jīng)說,上課之前他覺得如臨大敵,上課時(shí)他是如履薄冰,只有上完課后他才會(huì)如釋重負(fù)。
[誤] An experienced teacher once said that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy, in class he felt like walking on ice, and only after class would he feel relieved.
[正] An experienced teacher once said that before class he felt as if faced with a formidable enemy, in class he felt like walking on eggs, and only after class would he feel relieved.
注: 中文的“如履薄冰”是比喻一個(gè)人“做事十分小心謹(jǐn)慎或戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢”,而英語的類似說法卻是 walk on eggs 或 tread on eggs,要注意中英文喻體的不同。

54. 我有一個(gè)舒適的家。
[誤] I have a cozy family.
[正] I have a cozy home.
注: family 和 home 雖然翻譯成漢語時(shí)都是“家”,但它們在英語中卻不是同義詞。family 主要指家庭成員;而 home 主要指居住地,即“住宅”。原文中用“舒適的”來修飾“家”,顯然是指“舒適的房子”。如果原文是“我有一個(gè)和睦的家”,就應(yīng)該翻譯成 I have a harmonious family 了。

55. 每節(jié)課老是都會(huì)點(diǎn)名。
[誤] The teacher will call our names in every period of class.
[正] The teacher will call the roll in every period of class.
注: 英語的“點(diǎn)名”是 call the roll,而 call one's name(s)的意思是“謾罵某人”。rool 有“名冊”的意思,又如:remove sb.'s name from the rool(把某人除名)。

56. 我的學(xué)習(xí)很忙。
[誤] My study is very busy.
[正] I am very busy with my study.
注:第一句譯文完全套用漢語的結(jié)構(gòu)和語序,卻犯了英文的句法錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z中,study(學(xué)習(xí))是一個(gè)行為,并不懂得忙不忙,感到忙的應(yīng)是進(jìn)行這一行為的人。所以,be busy with sth. 或 be busy (in) doing sth. 才是地道的英語表達(dá)。

57. 給他當(dāng)二把手我看也值得。他太能干了。
[誤] I feel it worth being a second hand to him. He is so capable.
[正] I feel it worth playing second fiddle to him. He is so capable.
注:英語的 second hand 作名詞指“中間人”、“舊貨”或“助手工人”,而漢語的“二把手”是“副手”,即“第二負(fù)責(zé)人”的意思,所以二者不是一回事。play second fiddle 則源于管弦樂隊(duì)中第一提琴手(first violin)不在的時(shí)候由第二提琴手負(fù)責(zé),并被人們引申為“當(dāng)主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的副手”,也就是我們所說的“當(dāng)?shù)诙咽帧?。由此,不難猜出“當(dāng)一把手”譯成英語應(yīng)該是 paly first fiddle了。

58. 電車上十分擁擠,幾乎沒有立足之地。
[誤] The tram was so crowded that there was hardly sufficient room for you.
[正] The tram was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room for you.
注:副詞 hardly 和 scarcely 雖然都含有“幾乎不”等否定含義,有些時(shí)候也可以互換,如:I could hardly/scarcely recognize her(我?guī)缀跽J(rèn)不出她來了),但仍有細(xì)微的差異。如在強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量“不足”時(shí)只能用 scarcely,這時(shí)它常與 enough、sufficient等詞連用。

59. 他被戴上了綠帽子。
[誤] He is made to wear a green hat.
[正] He is a cuckold.
注:中文的“戴綠帽子”是指某人之妻與他人私通,但直譯成英文西方人只會(huì)按字面意思理解為“某人頭上被戴了頂綠色的帽子”,無論如何也不會(huì)理解漢語的喻義。而英語的 cuckold 是指“奸婦的丈夫”(a man whose wife deceives him by having a sexual relationship with another man),所以用 be a cuckold 才能正確表達(dá)原文的意思。

60. 我在新聞片里看到你站在總裁的身旁。
[誤] I saw you stand by the president in the newsreel.
[正] I saw you stand beside the president in the newsreel.
注:stand by someone 的意思是“支持某人”(to support someone);to stand beside someone 才是“立于某人旁邊”(to stand by the side of someone)。但是,如果 stand by 后面的賓語不是人,那倒是可以與 stand beside 互換,表示“在...之旁”,例如:Their house stands by a forest(他們的房子在森林旁邊)。除此之外,stand by 還有“袖手旁觀”之意,例如:How can you stand by and watch while your allies are attacked?(當(dāng)你們的盟友受到攻擊時(shí),你們怎能袖手旁觀呢?)

 

61. 車來了。您先請。
[誤] Here comes the car. You go first, please.
[正] Here comes the car. After you.
注:第一句譯文雖然把“請”翻譯出來了,但還是帶有命令的口吻。地道的說法應(yīng)該是 After you。另外,不少人以為漢語的“請”等同于英語的 please,其實(shí)并非如此。例如,在餐桌上請人吃菜或喝酒就不用 please,地道的說法是 Help yourself。

62. 房間里有一張床、兩張桌子和五把椅子。
[誤] There are one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
[正] There is one bed, two desks and five chairs in the room.
注:there be 句型中,be 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離它最近的那個(gè)詞。原文雖然一共列舉了八件家具,但是根據(jù)英語的謂語就近原則,one bed 決定了應(yīng)該使用 is。

63. 我不想聽他那些空話。
[誤] I don't want to hear his empty words.
[正] I don't want to hear his hollow words.
注:雖然 empty 和 hollow 都有“空洞的”之意,但表達(dá)“空話”時(shí),英語習(xí)慣用 hollow words 或 empty talk。

64. 他是我們的死敵。
[誤] He is our dead enemy.
[正] He is our deadly enemy.
注:dead 作形容詞時(shí)表示“死的,無感覺的”,而 deadly 才表示“致命的,不共戴天的”。

65. 奧斯本名義上是個(gè)醫(yī)生,但他整天都呆在股票交易所里。
[誤] Osborne is a doctor by name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
[正] Osborne is a doctor in name only, but he stays in the stock exchange all day long.
注:by name 和 in name 雖然形似,但涵義卻有區(qū)別。by name 相當(dāng)于 by the name of,常放在專有名詞之后,表示所說的人或事物的確實(shí)名稱。例如:There was a great poet in China, Qu Yuan by name(中國有個(gè)偉大的詩人,名叫屈原)。而 in name 是貶義詞,表示“名義上的”或“徒有虛名”。

66. 我們是不信上帝的。
[誤] We do not believe God.
[正] We do not believe in God.
注:believe 和 believe in 雖然都有“相信”的意思,但表示“信仰”的時(shí)候只能用后者。

67. 你做這樣的事難道不感到羞恥嗎?
[誤] Aren't you ashamed for doing such a thing?
[正] Aren't you ashamed of doing such a thing?
注:be ashamed for 一般是指“對他人的行為或外在事物感到羞恥”,而 be ashamed of 則是“由于自己的所作所為而感到羞恥”。

68. 車禍發(fā)生在十字路口。
[誤] The accident took place at a crossroad.
[正] The accident took place at a crossroads.
注:crossroad 是“交叉路,橫馬路”的意思,而 crossroads 才是“十字路”或“十字路口”,它前面也可以用 a,但 -s 絕不能丟掉。

69. 要學(xué)好英語,大量的練習(xí)是必要的。
[誤] To learn English well, a great deal of practice is necessary.
[正] To learn English well, one needs to have a great deal of practice.
注:英語中非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語要與句子的主語一致,本例句中不定式 to learn English well 的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是“人”,而句子的主語卻是 practice,兩者不相一致,違背了英語習(xí)慣,所以必須將句子的主語改為 one,并做其它相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

70. ---謝謝你帶我們到辦公室來。
---不用謝,這是我們應(yīng)該做的。
[誤] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office.
---Not at all, it's my duty.
[正] ---Thank you for guiding us to the office.
---Not at all, it's a pleasure. /I'm glad to be of help.
注:漢語的回答實(shí)際上是句客套話,如果把它直譯為 It's my duty,就會(huì)讓西方人誤以為你并不想幫他,只是因?yàn)槁氊?zé)才不得已而為之,這與漢語的愿意有很大出入。所以,恰當(dāng)?shù)幕卮饝?yīng)該是 I'm glad to be of help 或 It's a pleasure,其意思是“我很樂意為您效勞

71. 未經(jīng)允許,任何人不得入內(nèi)。
[誤] Anybody can not come in without permission.
[正] Nobody can come in without permission.
注:“任何......都不”是漢語中常用字的否定句式,而在英語中,any 構(gòu)成的合成詞及其所修飾的詞語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞是不能用否定形式的。因此,any ... not 的用法不符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,須用“否定形式的主語+肯定形式的謂語”替換。但是,any 構(gòu)成的合成詞及其所修飾的詞語作主語時(shí),如果帶有后置定語,那么其謂語也可以用否定形式。如:Anyone who does that isn't honest(干那種事的人都是不誠實(shí)的)。

72. 布衣蔬食。
[誤] cotton clothes and vegetables
[正] coarse clothes and simple fare
注:“布衣蔬食”是形容一個(gè)人生活儉樸,但直譯成英文卻會(huì)令人難以理解。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的英、美等國,cotton clothes and vegetables(棉布衣服和青菜)已沒有“生活儉樸”的任何聯(lián)想了,它們早已成了富翁們的最愛,而且價(jià)格也比其他產(chǎn)品貴,沒錢人還享用不起呢!而第二句譯文不僅忠實(shí)于原文,而且 fare 一詞作“食物”講還略帶古色,恰好反映出了原文的風(fēng)格。

73. 你真是紅光滿面。
[誤] Your face is all red.
[正] You are in ruddy health.
注:“紅光滿面”是說一個(gè)人身體很好,而 You face is all red 則指對方滿臉通紅,似乎“不好意思”或“牌窘境”,皮膚過敏也未可知,總之與原句不符。a ruddy complexion 雖然有“面色紅潤”的意思,但沒能充分表達(dá)出漢語“身體健康,精力充沛”的意思。當(dāng)然,除了第二句譯文,還可以用 You look so healthy and full of pep 或 You look the very picture of health and energy 來表達(dá)。

74. 你該吃晚飯了。
[誤] It's time to eat your dinner.
[正] It's time to have your dinner.
注:不是所有的“吃”字都能翻譯為英語 eat 的,英語中有許多固定搭配,如:take one's medicines(吃藥);lead an idle life(吃閑飯);be very popular(吃香);I hd some meat for lunch(午餐我吃了些肉)等。

75. 我們一起跟著音樂跳舞吧!
[誤] Let's dance with the music.
[正] Let's dance to the music.
注:英語一般說 dance with sb.,即“跟某人一起跳舞”,“音樂”是無生命的東西,怎么能跟它 dance 呢?這里正確的說法是用介詞 to。又如:sing to the piano 等。

76. 他的病情好多了。
[誤] His sick condition is much better.
[正] His condition is much better.
注:在英美人看來,sick 只是一種無意義的重復(fù),因?yàn)槿サ羲院笠馑家挥H清楚,而且還更地道。我們甚至可以更簡單地翻譯為 He is much better。

77. 經(jīng)常給我寫信。
[誤] Write letters to me often.
[正] Write to me often.
注:中文動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語在翻譯成英文時(shí)常常省略,因?yàn)檫@些英語動(dòng)詞本身已經(jīng)包含了中文賓語的意思,不言自明,除非需要強(qiáng)調(diào),否則可以省略,不省略反而與英語習(xí)慣不符。上面的例句就是個(gè)很好的例子。又如:“你會(huì)唱歌嗎”(Can you sing);“我會(huì)付錢給你”(I'll pay you);“他花很多時(shí)間讀書”(He spends a lot of time reading)等。

78. 挑戰(zhàn)者以0比4的比分輸了與冠軍隊(duì)的那場比賽。
[誤] The challengers lost the game by zero to four to the champion.
[正] The challengers lost the game by nil to four to the champion.
注:zero 和 nil 雖然都可以表示“零”,但 zero 多用于電話號(hào)碼或郵政編碼,而 nil 則特指比賽的比分。同樣,0比0就應(yīng)該翻譯成 nil to nil。

79. 在一次具有歷史意義的表決中,北京羸得了申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)。
[誤] In a historical vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
[正] In a historic vote, Beijing won the bid for the Olympics.
注:historic 表示“歷史上著名的,有歷史意義的”,而 historical 則表示“有關(guān)歷史的,歷史學(xué)的”。

80. 你讀沒讀過菲爾丁的經(jīng)典長篇小說《湯姆.瓊斯》?
[誤] Have you ever read Fielding's classical novel Tom Jones?
[正] Have you ever read Fielding's classic novel Tom Jones?
注:classic 即可作形容詞,表示“經(jīng)典的,第一流的”,又可作可數(shù)名詞,表示“經(jīng)典作品”;而 classical 卻是一個(gè)沒有比較級和最高級的形容詞,常指“(建筑,文學(xué),音樂等方面)古典的,傳統(tǒng)的”。

81. 由于街道的擴(kuò)建,道路兩旁矮小的房屋全部被拆除了。
[誤] The short and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.
[正] The low and small houses on both sides of the road have been demolished due to its widening.
注:英語中,形容人或樹等的高矮要用形容詞 tall 和 short;但是指山巒、房屋或其它建筑物的高矮,我們通常用 high 和 low。

82. 聽到這個(gè)消息,沒有一個(gè)人不感到興奮。
[誤] Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.
[正] Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
注:漢語中把主、謂語同時(shí)否定以表示肯定,但這不符合英語習(xí)慣,所以 nobody...not 的結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中是不正確的。翻譯這類句子時(shí),可像上面正確的譯文那樣,把主語和謂語都改成肯定形式;也可用“there be + 否定的主語 + 否定形式的定語從句”來表達(dá),即:There was nobody who did not feel excited 或者 There was nobody but felt excited.

83. 我是一個(gè)中國人。
[誤] I am a Chinese.
[正] I am Chinese.
注:第一句譯文是不地道的,正確的說法應(yīng)該去掉不定冠詞,或者說 I am a Chinese man。同樣,He is an English 也沒有 He is English 或 He is an Englishman 好。

84. 母狼為了保護(hù)幼崽同獵豹展開了殊死的搏斗。
[誤] The female wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.
[正] The she wolf fights against the leopard so as to protect her whelps.
注:漢語一般用“公”、“母”或“雌”、“雄”來區(qū)分動(dòng)物的性別,而英語中,有一部分動(dòng)物是雌雄各有其名,例如:cock(公雞)和 hen(母雞),stag(雄鹿)和 doe(雌鹿)等;而另一部分則是用 male 和 female 加以區(qū)分,如:male leopard(公豹),female panda(母熊貓)等;當(dāng)然,也有例外的情況,如:bull elephant(公象)和 cow elephant(母象),he wolf(公狼)和 she wolf(母狼)等。

85. 使我高興的是,我兒子對意大利語也略知一二。
[誤] To my joy, my son know a thing or two about Italian.
[正] To my joy, my son knows something about Italian.
注:有些英語詞語在字面上同漢語十分相似,但實(shí)則貌合神離,如果不求甚解很容易出錯(cuò)。例如,know a thing or two 就不表示“略知一二”,而是“很有經(jīng)驗(yàn),精明強(qiáng)干”的意思。

86. 你希望什么時(shí)候成家呢?
[誤] When do you want to start a family?
[正] When do you want to get married?
注:中文的“成家”是“結(jié)婚”的意思,而英文 start a family 的含義卻是“生第一個(gè)孩子”,二者完全不是一回事。

87. 寧做雞頭,不做鳳尾。
[誤] Better be the head of a cock than the tail of a phoenix.
[正] Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.
注:每種語言中都有許多約定俗成的表達(dá),沒有什么道理好講,但使用時(shí)則需遵照各自的語言習(xí)慣。中文是“雞頭”和“鳳尾”比,而英語中卻要用“狗頭”和“獅尾”。

88. 海倫就像一只驕傲的公雞,從來不愛搭理別人。
[誤] Helen is proud as a cock, and she never talks to others.
[正] Helen is proud as a peacock, and she never talks to others.
注:“孔雀”在中國人眼里是美麗和吉祥的象征,而公雞因?yàn)槌0杨^昂得高高地,尾巴翹到了天上,擺出一副盛氣凌人的架子,因此成了“驕傲”的化身。但西方文化不注重孔雀美麗的一面,認(rèn)為它們很驕傲,所以英美人在形容一個(gè)人驕傲、狂妄和愛慕虛榮時(shí),就把他(她)比作 peacock。

89. 因?yàn)闆]有吃的,那個(gè)索馬里的小男孩瘦得像猴子。
[誤] That Somali boy is as thin as a monkey because of the lack of food.
[正] That Somali boy is as thin as a shadow because of the lack of food.
注:同一事物,在不同的文化里可能引起不同的聯(lián)想,具有不同的內(nèi)涵。所以,在一種語言中用這種事物作比喻,而在另一種語言中很可能會(huì)有不同的表達(dá)。這樣的例子中英文還有很多,例如:as timid as a hare(膽小如鼠),as strong as a horse(力大如牛),as poor as a church mouse(一貧如洗)等。

90. 索菲婭望子成龍心切,給兒子報(bào)名參加了許多補(bǔ)習(xí)班。
[誤] Sophia hopes to see her son become a dragon, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.
[正] Sophia hopes that her son will have a bright future, therefore she enters his name for many classes of supplementary schooling.
注:“龍”在中國人心目中象征著神圣和萬能,但在西方人的印象中卻是可怕的,《圣經(jīng)》里就把“龍”描述成了罪惡的象征。所以在翻譯“望子成龍”時(shí)需要意譯。

91. 正如中國的一句俗話:“笨鳥先飛”。
[誤] As an old Chinese saying goes, "Stupid birds have to start flying early."
[正] As an old Chinese saying goes,"Clumsy birds have to start flying early."
注:“笨鳥先飛”常用來比喻那些能力差的人,因?yàn)樽鍪屡侣浜螅跃吞崆靶袆?dòng)。這里的“笨”并非 stupid(智力低下的,愚蠢的)的意思,而用 clumsy(笨拙的,不靈巧的)更恰當(dāng)。

92. 爸爸總愛發(fā)脾氣。
[誤] Dad always likes losing his temper.
[正] Dad is apt to lose his temper.
注:like doing something 表示“喜歡干某事”,一般用來說明某人的興趣愛好;而 be apt to do sth.則表示“常常發(fā)生某種行為”或“容易發(fā)生某種變化”。根據(jù)原文的意思顯然應(yīng)該用后者。

93. 歐文按捺不住激動(dòng)的心情,大聲喊道:“我中獎(jiǎng)了!”
[誤] Owen couldn't hold back his exciting feeling, and he shouted, "I've got the winning number in the bond!"
[正] Owen couldn't hold back his excitement, and he shouted, "I've got the winning number in the bond!"
注:exciting feeling 這種搭配很不地道,雖然“振奮人心的消息”是 exciting news,“有趣的故事”是 interesting story,但“激動(dòng)的心情”卻要用名詞形式 excitement 來表達(dá)。

94. 丹尼斯自己不努力,還老是眼紅別人的成就。
[誤] Denis himself doesn't work hard, however, he is always red-eyed of other people's achievements.
[正] Denis himself doesn't work hard, however, he is always green-eyed of other people's achievements.
注:中國人說一個(gè)人嫉妒用“眼紅”,但英美人則用“眼綠”來形容。英語的 green 除了表示顏色之外還有“嫉妒”的意思,又如:I was absolutely green (with envy) when I saw his splendid new car(我看到他那輛漂亮的新車非常眼紅)。其實(shí),英語中許多表示色彩的詞匯都有特殊的含義,不能照字面去理解。再比如:He gave me a black look(他惡狠狠地蹬了我一眼);She visits us once in a blue moon(她難得來看我們一次)等。

95. 夏天要多喝白開水。
[誤] You should drink more white boiled water in summer.
[正] You should drink more plain boiled water in summer.
注:“白開水”不是指“水的顏色是白色”,而是指“水中沒有添加其他的東西”。而 plain 正是指“沒摻雜其他東西的,單純的”,所以能確切表達(dá)原文的含義。

96. 對不起,我把課本忘在家里了。
[誤] Sorry, I forgot my textbook at home.
[正] Sorry, I left my textbook at home.
注:原文中的“忘”是指“落在家里”的意思,不能翻譯成英文的 forget,而應(yīng)用表示“把...留在某地,丟下,落下”等的意思的 leave。

97. 中國足球隊(duì)擊敗了日本隊(duì),從而取得了參加半決賽的資格。
[誤] The Chinese football team beat the Japanese team, and is qualified to play in the half-finals.
[正] The Chinese football team beat the Japanese team, and is qualified to play in the semifinals.
注:semi- 是英語里的一個(gè)前綴,表示“半”,例如:automatic 是“自動(dòng)的”,那么 semiautomatic 就表示“半自動(dòng)的”;diameter 指“直徑”,那么 semi-diameter 就指“半徑”;monthly 指“月刊”,那么 semi-monthly 就表示“半月刊”。以上這些都跟 semifinal(半決賽)一樣,是約定俗成的。

98. 在自然災(zāi)害期間,絕大多數(shù)人都過著半饑半飽的生活。
[誤] During the natural calamity, most people were half hungry, half full.
[正] During the natural calamity, most people were underfed.
注:under- 是一個(gè)英語前綴,表示“......不足的”,如:underdeveloped(經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不充分的),underage(未到法定年齡的)等。所以,underfeed 表示“未喂飽的,食物不足的”。漢語中“半......半......”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以翻譯成 half...half...,例如:As for this matter, I am half-believing, half-doubting(對于這件事我是半信半疑的);This composition is half literary, half vernacular(這篇文章寫得半文不白的)。

99. 漢語是我們的母語。
[誤] Chinese is our mother language.
[正] Chinese is our mother tongue.
注:tongue 除了指“舌頭”,還可以用來指“語言,方言”,如 the Spanish tongue 并非指“西班牙舌頭”,而是指“西班牙語”。我們常說的有“語言天賦”,英語里相應(yīng)的表達(dá)是 the gift of tongues。“母語”在英語中用 mother tongue 表達(dá),還可以說 parent language 或 linguistic parent,但 mother language 的說法卻是不地道的。

100. 我爺爺是奔75的人了。
[誤] My grandpa is running for seventy-five.
[正] My grandpa is getting on for seventy-five.注:run for 有“競賽,競選”之意,如:run for Congress(競選國會(huì)議員),run for the presidency(競選總統(tǒng))等。而 get on for 才表示“接近”,它通常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),后面一般跟年齡或者時(shí)間,如:It's getting on for midnight(快到半夜了)等。

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