[Linux]
post by 后山一根蔥 / 2010-6-12 16:36 Saturday
內容：使用openssl自己生成證書
環(huán)境：ubuntu 9.10
來源：后山一根蔥
這兩天在配置一個SSL環(huán)境，也發(fā)了些時間。下面是我自己在配置中的一個流水過程，有需要朋友可以參考，如有不對的地方還望指出。
安裝openssl
sudo apt-get install openssl
按照 OpenSSL 的默認配置建立 一個目錄ssl（eg. mkdir /home/jecks/ssl） ，需要在ssl下建立相應的目錄結構。相關的配置內容一般位于/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf 內。在終端中使用如下命令建立目錄結構：
$ mkdir -p ./demoCA/{private,newcerts}
$ touch ./demoCA/index.txt
$ touch ./demoCA/serial
注：在文件serial中寫入01，index.txt為空文件。
進入/hone/jecks/ssl/下面，執(zhí)行命令
[root@~/ssl]# pwd
/home/jecks/ssl
[root@~/ssl]# ls
demoCA
1.首先要生成服務器端的私鑰(key文件):
[root@~/ssl]#openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
運行時會提示輸入密碼,此密碼用于加密key文件(參數(shù)des3便是指加密算法,當然也可以選用其他你認為安全的算法.),以后每當需讀取此文件(通過openssl提供的命令或API)都需輸入口令.如果覺得不方便,也可以去除這個口令,但一定要采取其他的保護措施!
去除key文件口令的命令:
[root@~/ssl]#openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
2.用server.key生成一個證書：
[root@~/ssl]#openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Enter pass phrase for server.key:12345
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@
生成Certificate Signing Request（CSR）,生成的csr文件交給CA簽名后形成服務端自己的證書.屏幕上將有提示,依照其指示一步一步輸入要求的個人信息即可.
3.對客戶端也作同樣的命令生成key及csr文件(在這兩步寫在一起):
A： [root@~/ssl]#openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
...........++++++
..++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
B： [root@~/ssl]# openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr
Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@
4.生成的CSR證書文件必須有CA的簽名才可形成證書.這時生成一個KEY文件ca.key 和根證書ca.crt
[root@~/ssl]# openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...++++++
...................++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
Enter PEM pass phrase:12345
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Zhuhai
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:xxxx Ltd....
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:jecks
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:www.qiuicai.com
Email Address []:xxx@
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:12345
An optional company name []:xxx@
5.用生成的CA的證書為剛才生成的server.csr,client.csr文件簽名（這也是兩寫在一起）:
A： [root@~/ssl]# openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT
Not After : Feb 26 04:15:02 2011 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = china
organizationName = xxx.Ltd.C
organizationalUnitName = jecks
commonName = www.
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
30:70:D2:EB:9B:73:AE:7B:0E:8E:F6:94:33:7C:53:5B:EF:93:FC:38
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:DB:D6:83:BB:7F:28:C2:A9:40:6A:D8:32:FC:01:E0:5C:48:27:51:19
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
B： [root@~/ssl]#openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key
[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The countryName field needed to be the same in the
CA certificate (CN) and the request (cn)
..................
另外，這個certificate是BASE64形式的,要轉成PKCS12才能裝到IE,/NETSCAPE上.所以還要
