V-ing  I

-ing形式既可用作動名詞也可用作現(xiàn)在分詞，可以作主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，定語和狀語等。下面重點講一下其作定語和賓語補足語的用法。

一、-ing形式作定語

單個V-ing作定語時，放在被修飾詞之前；V-ing短語作定語時，放在被修飾詞之后，通常有以下兩種意義：1. 表示動作 (主動的動作)，2. 表示用途。如：

The man standing by the window is our teacher.

Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building.

There is a swimming pool in our school.

I bought a writing desk this morning.

點撥：V-ing有一般式和完成式，且有主動形式和被動形式。當句子的主語是V-ing動作的承受者時，V-ing用被動形式。如：

The building being built now will be finished next month.

二、-ing形式作賓語補足語

感官動詞如see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe及find等+ sb + doing sth，表示動作正在發(fā)生或處于一種狀態(tài)中。如：

We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我們聽見孩子們在樓上叫喊。

I felt my heart beating violently. 我感覺到我的心在猛烈地跳動。

I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。

We kept the fire burning all night long. 我們讓火整夜燒著。

注意: 如果賓語補足語是一系列的動作，通常用不定式，而不用V-ing形式。如：

I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette. 我看見他走進房間，坐了下來，點了一根煙。

    即學即練

  1. Peter received a letter just now _____ his grand-ma would come to see him soon.

       A. said                   B. says         C. saying          D. to say

  2. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _____ to balance it.

       A. having tried           B. to try        C. trying            D. tried   

  3. Those naughty boys were caught _____  flowers in the garden again.

       A. to steal                  B. stealing       C. to have stolen    D. having stolen

  4. —Who gave you this message?

       —A man _____  himself Mr. Zhang.

V-ing II

上個單元我們學習了-ing形式作定語和賓語補足語的用法，這個單元重點講一下其作主語、表語和賓語的用法。

一、-ing形式作主語

1. -ing形式直接作主語。如：

Learning is the most important thing for a student. 學習對學生來說是最重要的事情。

2. it作形式主語，真正的主語-ing形式放在句末。如：　

It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 爭論這事是浪費時間。

It is worth trying. 試一下是值得的。

注意：-ing作主語時，其邏輯主語對于談話雙方是不言而喻的。如：

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的?！　?/span>

此處Reading aloud的邏輯主語泛指任何人，因而無需表明。如果作主語的-ing形式需要說明邏輯主語時，一般用物主代詞或名詞所有格，即名詞后加’s。如：

His father’s falling ill worried him greatly. 他父親生病使他很著急?！　?/span>

二、-ing形式作表語

1. 表示主語的內容。如：

Her job is keeping the room clean. 她的工作是使這個房間保持干凈。

2. 表示主語具有的特征，此時-ing相當于一個形容詞。如：

The problem is quite confusing. 這個問題很令人困惑。

三、-ing形式作賓語

-ing形式既可作及物動詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語。如：

They prefer spending their summer vacation in Dalian. 他們更喜歡在大連過暑假。

After a cup of coffee, he went on writing the letter. 喝了一杯咖啡后，他繼續(xù)寫信。

  1. Her work is __________ (look) after  children.

  2. The news was so ___________ (surprise) that I thought it was a joke.

  3. I am looking forward to ___________ (see) you again.

  4. It’s no use ___________ (try) to fool me.

  5. ___________ (lose) her new bicycle made Mary so upset.

  6. Tom’s ___________ (attend) the party made his friends very happy.