現(xiàn)在已知的天然寶石有100多種。其中，商業(yè)寶石只有70多種（包括變種寶石）。迄今已發(fā)現(xiàn)的3000～3500種礦物中，寶石礦物有230多種，約占礦物總數(shù)的7%。
        寶石是在顏色、光澤、透明度、硬度和重量等方面達(dá)到一定工藝要求的礦物；而玉石則是達(dá)到質(zhì)地細(xì)膩、光澤滋潤(rùn)、透明度好（水頭足）、無雜質(zhì)、污點(diǎn)和裂紋（無暇和柳）、塊度大（塊頭大）、顏色純正等工藝要求的礦物集合體。這就是人們常說的“石之美者為玉”。

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                                                                                       紫紅色寶石的剖面
                         

                        

                        

                        

                                         

                        

                          
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